tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3972252758416874382024-03-08T00:30:06.780-08:00Primary writing paperIs There An Essay Topic For The Application For Utsajudithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.comBlogger62125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-43311771633110431122020-09-02T22:58:00.001-07:002020-09-02T22:58:10.934-07:00Difference between Accounting & Auditing-Free-Samples for StudentsQuestions: 1.What are the Objectives of Financial Statement 2.Discuss the contrasts among Accounting and Auditing. Answers: Presentation A writing survey have been given on administrations attestation and the contrasts among bookkeeping and inspecting is being examined. The goal behind this writing survey is to build up a students capacity on administrations affirmation, an away from of targets of fiscal summary in evaluating terms, a definite conversation of contrasts of examining and bookkeeping has been done (Siagian, Siregar, and Rahadian, 2013). The administration statements are characterized based on presence, fulfillment, its valuation and introduction. The effects of evaluating which assists with improving the organizations execution have been examined here under (Haji, 2014). Goals of Financial Statement The universally useful of getting ready budget summary for the year is to give hardly any data about the monetary position and money related execution of the element to the outsider clients so as to settle on educated financial choices. As indicated by the creator Noor Adwa Sulaiman, Zarina Zakaria and University Malaya. They have referenced in the section that the targets of budget summary in evaluating is to guarantee the dependability of the fiscal reports that they are made in with the consistence of bookkeeping measures and Financial Reporting Act 1997 which has build up the establishment of this demonstration and dependent on Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB); Though every announcement has its own specific goal to serve however they are interconnected that the sole reason for explanation can be satisfied and looked all in all not to be considered independently. The budget report ought to portray valid and reasonable estimation of the associations money related positio n and it ought to be liberated from the material misquotes. Additionally it grandstands the progression of money of the association which influences the monetary presentation of the substance. The announcement shows the organization issues which are managed by the Companies Act 1965; so outsider clients can depend upon the budget summary of the organization and the element itself can settle on monetary choices (Weil, Schipper, and Francis, 2013). Distinction among Accounting and Auditing By and large, when the way toward bookkeeping closes and the inspecting procedure starts for the sole reason for characterizing the valid and reasonable perspective on books of records. It is essentially a movement of recording, planning, arranging and introducing the fiscal summaries. Bookkeeping is utilized to monitor money related exchanges and review then again implies an examination of the books of records and the budget summary of an element with an aim to uncover the way that at what degree does fiscal report is giving a reasonable image of an association. As per the creator the qualification among bookkeeping and reviewing is that, bookkeeping is a procedure of recording, characterizing and summing up the exchanges or occasions in a way that satisfaction of the motivation behind giving budget report to outsider clients for dynamic (Yu-Shu, Chyi-Lin, and Altan-Uya, 2015). Though review is a procedure of improving the dependability of budget summaries. An exhaustive comprehensi on of bookkeeping standards and the guidelines of law is should in assessing the importance of money related data that the announcements are portraying the genuine estimation of an association. The monetary occasions that have been happened in the bookkeeping time frame are additionally shrouded in by the evaluators while inspecting (Wang, and Huang, 2014). The gauges and strategies of bookkeeping and evaluating are connected. This coordinated arrangement of both assistance dealing with the records of an organization. The use of GAAP (sound accounting guidelines) is just being dictated by applying the inspecting systems in companys budget summaries. As indicated by the creator Weirich, (Weirich, Pearson, and Churyk, 2013). In his Accounting and inspecting research, bookkeeping is one contemplated language of business whose intention is to give financial exercises carried on by the element. It catches the everyday financial exchanges of business by characterizing those exchanges into gatherings and sum up them in a manner that in the event of criticalness one can allude to them without any problem. From that point investigating the consequences of fiscal report made and convey the equivalent to the intriguing gatherings. The key capacity of bookkeeping is to help in dynamic by giving material data of money related nature. There are changed field of bookkeeping in particular Cost Accounting, Management Accounting, Human Resource Accounting, so it tends to be said that the extent of bookkeeping is wide in nature. Destinations of Accounting are keeping up appropriate record in Journal, Ledger books and Trial Balance and deciding the gainfulness position from these records by planning Trading and Profit Loss Account. Ultimately, Balance Sheet is set up to feature the money related situation of the element, as it gives important data with respect to indebtedness and liquidity position to the invested individuals (Turner, 2013). Then again, evaluating is known to be a precise methodology of looking at money related data with an aim of offering an input about the honesty and decency of the budget summary. Examining is basic in nature and an impartial exhaustive examination of every single perspective beginning from vouchers, receipts, account books that should be checked with a goal of recognizing the dependability and legitimacy of the fiscal report. A point by point investigation is done to identify fakes, mistakes and control assuming any. The exactness and straightforwardness is being investigated in consistence with the bookkeeping standards and principles. After all the review of books of records and money related records, evaluator offers his input as a report. The report made by the reviewer for the individual who has selected inspector to carry on the evaluating procedure in his association (Brooks, Cheng, and Reichelt, 2013). The report are of two sorts called as Unmodified and Modified, it very wel l may be led inside and remotely relying on the necessities of association. On the off chance that administration needs to improve their bookkeeping just as inside control frameworks then inspector is delegated to do evaluating inside a particular time chose by chiefs (Cassell, Drake, and Dyer, 2014). The outside examiner is named by the investors of the organization since they are the invested individuals who need the valid and reasonable image of fiscal summary to settle on framed financial choice for the organization. The extent of Auditing isn't as wide as of Accounting. It is being finished up from the articles and hypothesis given by the referenced writers that: Bookkeeping is all the more a disentangled assignment while Auditing is a mind boggling one. The motivation behind bookkeeping is uncovering the benefit position and execution of an element where reviewing is done to check the accuracy and identify mistakes and fakes in the fiscal summary. Examining is by all accounts an intermittent movement not at all like bookkeeping which is a nonstop action. Reviewing oversees examining and bookkeeping is represented by Accounting standards and gauges. Bookkeeping is an efficient arrangements of money related exchanges and then again examining is a scientific errand includes assessment of fiscal report freely (Farouk, and Hassan, 2014). Audit of Management Assertions The definition beat by the creator Leow that Management Assertions are unimportant portrayals in the yearly report made through the fiscal summaries (Leow, and Khong, 2015). The executives do as such to release their obligation towards investors of the organization. These portrayals might be verifiable or unequivocal by the administration which are exemplified in the money related reports of the organization. These attestations are comprehensively ordered into five classes which are as per the following: Presence; Culmination; Portion; Introductions or Disclosures. These statements are additionally clarified by Leow in his diary article where writer attempted to clarify Management affirmations are the cases made by individuals according to specific parts of an organization. At the point when review is led, examiners depend on the assortment of statements with respect to business. The idea of the executives statements is to give a source while applying review methodology in the organization. In any case, before applying such affirmations, examiners ensure by directing review tests on given declarations and check the unwavering quality of these attestations. The board statements are additionally grouped into three levels named as Transaction-level declarations, Account balance attestations and Presentation and revelation affirmations. In Transaction-level declarations, the affirmations are identified with exchange which are for the most part comparable to salary explanation and they are as per the following: Presence: Here the precision in declarations is estimated such that it recognizes the mistake introduced in exchanges and the presence of detailed resources and liabilities whether they exist at the accounting report date or not or happened in the period which was secured by budget report. Culmination: Every exchange and record must be finished and there ought not be any undisclosed resources, exchanges or liabilities. Valuation: All exchanges and resources, liabilities, incomes and costs must be esteemed appropriately. Introduction: The exchanges must be introduced in a legitimate manner and uncovered the real factors vital in the budget reports of the association (Sayyar, Basiruddin, Rasid, and Sayyar, 2014). In Account balance affirmation, the statements identified with the end parity of records and for the most part relates with the monetary record as it were. Presence: The record adjusts must exist for resources, liabilities and value. Culmination: Here the declaration is that the equalizations all things considered, value and liabilities must be com judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-73976371727872019372020-08-22T17:19:00.001-07:002020-08-22T17:19:18.577-07:00Cultural Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsSocial Anthropology - Essay Example His definition offers a total review of the topic of human sciences and is broadly cited by many. This exposition currently characterizes culture and its qualities. Individuals in societies generally have a similar human social attributes (O'Neil, p. 5). In any case, numerous individuals have various methods of communicating these attributes that come about because of shifting societies and customs. This paper used to look at the characterization of two way of life designs in North American Indian districts': the way of life of foragers and the way of life of horticulturalists to talk about and examine the similitudes and contrasts of the two societies corresponding to their method of food creation, method of living and so forth. In his book Primitive Culture, Edward Tylor characterized culture as that mind boggling entire which incorporates information, conviction, expressions, ethics, law, custom, and some other abilities and propensities procured by man as a citizen (Kottak 62; Scupin 43). He accentuated on the last expression obtained by man as a citizen for he accepted that culture isn't just procured through organic legacy yet living and being a piece of a general public too for they are progressively presented to social convention. His definition additionally proposes that culture incorporates all parts of human movement devices, weapons, shoot, horticulture, creature taming, metallurgy, composing, planes, PCs, penicillin, atomic force, awesome, computer games, fashioner pants, religion, political frameworks, science, sports, and social associations. It includes each action from the expressive arts, well known amusement, advancement of new innovation and even regular conduct. The procedure by which an individual learns their way of life is called enculturation (Kottak 62). An individual gets any social convention as a result of the limit of a person to learn. In spite of the fact that creatures gain as a matter of fact or from different individuals from their gathering, the social learning just creates inside the human ability to make images or signs. Social learning implies that individuals can make, recall, and manage thoughts. As indicated by Kottak, culture is found out (Cultural Anthropology 63). Individuals start to disguise a set up gathering of implications and images that individuals use to characterize their reality, express their feelings, and make their decisions. This should be possible through a procedure of cognizant and oblivious learning and cooperation with others. Individuals transmit culture through perception where most kids change their own conduct in agreement to what their way of life involves as right or off-base or awful or great. Culture is demonstrated to be gained unknowingly in light of the social custom that they do consequently without an immediate guidance to look after them. Anthropologists expressed that social learning is perplexing among people and however people vary in their enthusiastic and mental capacities, individuals can even now get familiar with their social convention. Culture is additionally shared for it is a quality of people as well as of people as individuals from bunches also (Kottak 63). Individuals who experience childhood in a similar culture have shared their convictions, qualities, recollections, and judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-66228227581892152612020-08-21T15:01:00.001-07:002020-08-21T15:01:12.140-07:00Festival and Events Free EssaysOfficial Summary The foundation division is huge and developing, and has significant resources available to its. Game foundations today structure an inexorably significant part for the neighborhood economy and furthermore advancing sound living simultaneously (Fill, Groan and Fairly, 2012). Serve your racquets! A racquet sports noble cause occasion composed by Starry Family. We will compose a custom article test on Celebration and Events or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now It is a one of a kind game cause occasion as it just spotlights on racquet based games, sorted out to raise assets to help and bolster single parentââ¬â¢s in the State of Victoria, Australia. Serve your racquets! S to be held at major brandishing scenes in and around the City of Melbourne on the most recent fourteen days of November 2013 with neighborhood famous people partaking in the games to advance the honorable motivation planned for advancing family wellbeing and sound living. While sport interest keeps on speaking to a noticeable part of relaxation and amusement, there has additionally been an articulated move toward help of worthy missions for both individual customers and organizations (King, 2001). Providing for a noble cause is a mind boggling choice driven by an assortment of thought processes. Research has demonstrated that correspondence is a significant spurring factor for altruistic gifts among youthful experts today (Fill, Funk and Oââ¬â¢brien, 2010). Correspondence includes an individual providing for a noble cause since the individual has profited by, or envisions profiting by, the charityââ¬â¢s focal exercises. Research has additionally proposed thought processes identified with inborn requirements of contributors, for example, confidence and the need to help other people (Ruthenium, 2000, as refered to in Fill, Funk and Oââ¬â¢brien, 2010). 1 . Serve your racquets! The thought/topic of this games good cause is that it just spotlights on racquet sports, for example, tennis, badminton, squash and table tennis and so on to raise assets for single parentââ¬â¢s confronting challenges in their regular daily existence. It is a special cause occasion which is available to he open over a time of the most recent fourteen days in the period of November 2013, permitting more support from the general population. Makes it energizing that members of the occasion is permitted to wear any ensembles they like as long it isn't uncovering or profane attire. The standard of Serve your racquets! The point of Serve your racquets! Is to instruct the more noteworthy network so as to build their consciousness of ordinary issues/challenges looked by single parentââ¬â¢s. To do this, sports is included as it is the most widely recognized exercises on the planet, with investment in very nation and at all degrees of society. Sports have a solid history all degrees of society which thusly permits both the members and general society everywhere to help those deprived by meaner of training and mindfulness and carrying on with a sound way of life simultaneously (Fill, Groan and Fairly, 2012). Here is the general framework of the reason for the games good cause occasion idea: The motivation behind this idea is so that once finished, assessments should be possible to check whether the occasion can be conveyed effectively inside the accessible timeshare and assets. This procedure is known as the practicality study (Allen, Harris and McDonnell, 2008). There are three stages in the attainability study identified with occasions. 1 . The advertising screen 2. The activities screen 3. The monetary screen The showcasing screen includes looking at how the intended interest group of the occasion is probably going to react to the occasion idea (All et al. 008). This meaner that the occasion supervisors should pay a lot of regard for media reactions and the reactions (criticisms) of the individuals who find out about the occasion idea. Occasion effectively, and whether the occasion supervisors have these abilities and assets or approach them (Allen et al. 2002). For this situation any assets or abilities required or the occasion are liberally accessible, for example, security, clinical backup administrations and nourishment slows down. This screen inspects whether the occasion association has the adequate money related responsibility, sponsorship and income to embrace the occasion (Allen et al. 008). Hopefully the occasion will have some type of sponsorship support as portrayed in the partner segment, and if targets are reached there will be a benefit of more than hundred thousand dollars. The key objective of the occasion The objectives of the Serve your racquets! Occasion is to: 1. To raise assets to help and bolster single parentââ¬â¢s. 2. To pull in at any rate ten thousand participants during the 2 weakling occasions. 3. Raise more than 200 and fifty thousand dollars in support expenses alone. 4. To win acknowledgment from all partners (counting people in general) during the occasion to plan it into a significant occasion. 2. The partners of Serve your racquets! Occasion. L. The coordinator Starry Family as the principle coordinator that will be running the occasion. II. Inside staff (or Volunteers) The occasion will require zone chiefs who facilitate the exercises in every region (in and around the City of Melbourne), direction staff who advise and direct participants and members, doctors for wellbeing and crisis administrations and security if there should arise an occurrence of any undesirable exercises and unsettling influences. Sick. Occasion organizer/supervisor Event organizer and senior supervisor who facilitates and gives coordinations to the occasion. The individuals who pursued the occasion or going to watch the occasions. There will be those that gone to the occasion for only for diversion reasons, and the individuals who will engage in purchasing and selling stock. V. Backers In the ongoing decades, sponsorship is no longer observed as a proportion of generosity, however an essential special instrument in the market blend (Conway, 2004). Thusly almost certainly, this occasion will get a few advantages from supports. VI. Media The numerous types of media that will be utilized to advance and promote the occasion is through web based life sites, radio alongside paper commercials with subtleties, for example, date, setting, member expenses and other significant occasion subtleties that members might be keen on. 3. Advertising/Promotion With innovation developing at a quick pace, showcasing/advancing the ââ¬Å"Serve your racquets! â⬠occasion through specific media sources can bring about positive income and make more regard for the fanatics of the games as well as the more extensive crowd. With the quick development in online networking sites and the simple to-get to perfect through advanced cell APS, this type of advertising can turn out to be helpful over the long haul (Wolf, Here, and Walker, 2013). The most generally utilized sites to advance a game foundation occasion through web based life are Faceable and Twitter. Other than that, ad will be made on papers with declarations on the radio. Advertising this occasion through online life sites can be an extremely helpful approach to make mindfulness and acknowledgment as Faceable has gotten mutiple. Billion visits every week and twitter gets in excess of 400 million visits per month (Sullivan, 012). A site connected by online networking application will give the occasion subtleties, for example, date, setting, expenses and other significant occasion subtleties that members might be keen on. 4. Challenged Meaning Other significant choices that should be made while building up an occasion idea is the length of the occa sion and the season, days and times when the occasion will be held (Allen et al. 2002). The occasion will be hung on the most recent fourteen days of November. Reason being that however it is an outside and indoor occasion the great climate conditions are useful as more individuals would go out as regularly as could be expected under the circumstances. The two weakling occasions will begin on Sunday the seventeenth of November and it will end on Saturday the thirtieth of November. The occasion times are: Weekdays, am â⬠pm Weekend, soil â⬠pm The weekdays are anticipated to pull in the seniors and non laborers, while the end of the week is anticipated to draw in families and youthful grown-ups who take a shot at weekdays. The occasion is required to be held at the Rod Lever Arena and at the Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Center. The explanation of the selection of settings is that both host scenes has generally excellent access to open transportation and the two settings as sufficient of space to have different racquet games. 6. Network Benefit At least 40% of the gathered charges will be utilized to cover important costs caused during the occasion. Then, the remainder of the 60% of the gathered expenses along all close to home and vowed gifts will go 100% legitimately to Starry Family for the advantages of single parentââ¬â¢s in the State of Victoria. This will help improve and give a practical way to a great many single parentââ¬â¢s. Other than that, the neighborhood network has the chance to partake in the occasions to practice further boosting the picture 7. Assessed Economic Impact Starry Family as the coordinator should lease stalls, and tents on settings, producing salary for the host of the particular wearing scenes. Brilliant Family will likewise be setting up corners for sport retailers to sell their game hardware and product just as keepsakes for the occasion. Participants as well as members will probably go through cash both at the occasion and in the encompassing network (those making a trip to the donning settings). This will without a doubt support income for organizations situated in and round the city just as utilizing the open vehicle. 9. Rundown of patrons Request for sponsorship has been made to the Commonwealth Bank (Australiaââ¬â¢s biggest bank), Rebel Sport (wearing and relaxation hardware retailer), Mercer (worldwide pioneer in HER and related monetary exhortation), The City of Melbourne (as the setting accomplice) and Woolworth (Australiaââ¬â¢s biggest nourishment retailer). 0. Media and communicate inclusion There will be media inclusion by Channel Ten, BBC neighborhood radio just as the Herald Sun paper to give an account of the features and most recent happenings during the occasion. 1 . Looking for Government financing Request has been made to the State Governm judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-55689902375636798692020-06-04T21:44:00.001-07:002020-06-04T21:44:02.129-07:00An Unflattering Portrait of Old Nigeria Analyzing Mr Omo - Literature Essay Samples Mr Omo from the novel ââ¬ËNo Longer at Easeââ¬â¢ by Chinua Achebe is a minor character. He is one of the Nigerian men who shares a workplace with Obi, and is Obiââ¬â¢s idea of a typical ââ¬Ëold Nigerian manââ¬â¢. Indeed, Mr Omo does represent the older generation of Nigerians as viewed by younger characters and construed by the author and the readers are led to think him lazy and corrupt as a consequence.. When readers are first introduced to him, Mr Omo is shown to be lazing off during his job, and quickly ââ¬Å"pockets a kola nutâ⬠when Mr Green walks into the room. This is likely why Obi quickly forms the conclusion that Mr Omo is one of the lazy, corrupt, older generation of Nigerians. Throughout the rest of the novel, there are also several mentions of Obi not knowing certain details of his job, such as the fact that the excess of the fund he received for his journey back to Umuofia needs to be returned, because Mr Omo did not mention it to Obi. This may indicate that Mr Omo is not responsible and thorough in his work, and only does the bare minimum required of him. Thus, readers will look down on him. Moreover, Mr Omo is someone who is intimidated by the white man and their world. He grovels in the presence of Mr Green, and tries to flatter him, as seen when he personally brings a report to Mr Green after failing to do so on time. This hints that he feels inferior to Mr Green, a European, and he, like other Nigerians, think ââ¬Å"the only thing the white man cannot do is mold a human beingâ⬠. He is also scared of answering the phone, and shows ââ¬Å"hesitationâ⬠before answering the phone and ââ¬Å"reliefâ⬠when the caller asks for Obi. This shows his sense of discomfort in the world of the white man. The fact that he is introduced as eating a kola nut ââ¬â a recurring motif in the novel which represents Nigerian culture, further proves the fact that he is a representation of Nigerians in the world of the white man. Furthermore, it is hinted that Mr Omo is corrupt. When Obi looks for a salary raise, Mr Omo implies that the possibility of such a raise is not ââ¬Å"unconnected to his personal pleasureâ⬠, showing that Obi will likely have to bribe Mr Omo for such a raise to be possible. This shows the reality of Nigerians in higher positions of power abusing said power for their own benefits. Obiââ¬â¢s conclusion of Mr Omo being one of the corrupt old men is not far from the truth. However, it is worth noting that despite Mr Omoââ¬â¢s potential corrupt tendencies, he is still respected by the people who work beneath him, as seen when his loyal colleagues laughed along with him to Obiââ¬â¢s ignorance regarding contracts. This shows that corruption is either expected of someone in Mr Omoââ¬â¢s position, or Mr Omo is merely experienced enough to hide his abuse of power. After all, in the end, it is not Mr Omo, a corrupt, uneducated, old Nigerian man who gets caught for corruption, bu t Obi, a young, educated man who was vehemently against corruption instead. Relating to the previous point, Mr Omo, is, in the eyes of a traditional Nigerian, a successful man. He works as an Administrative Assistant, which is a relatively high position of power, and he has people who work beneath him who are loyal to him. It is mentioned that he is working to fund his sonââ¬â¢s education. All these factors make Mr Omo a success in the Nigerian society. He may not have a degree like Obi, but he ends up being the one who shows Obiââ¬â¢s the ropes on his first day, showing readers that experience is indeed more important than education, something that Obi does not realise. Thus, Mr Omo, although representing the Obiââ¬â¢s idea of a typical old Nigerian man, also shows readers that that is not necessarily a bad thing, and that such old man have reached positions of power for a reason. Mr Omo, whether he obtained his job through bribery or not, is ultimately successful as a member of his community and the head of his family. Mr Omo, although bearing the flaws of the old Nigerian generation which Obi continuously points out throughout the novel, shows readers that such ââ¬Ëflawsââ¬â¢ are the way the Nigerian society works. It is through bribery, experience, and respect and understanding of the Nigerian culture and social hierarchy that one manages to succeed and survive. Mr Omo may be lazy and corrupt, but at least he does not end up being sentenced to jail as Obi does. Achebe uses Mr Omo to convey this message, reflecting the deeply rooted problem of corruption not only in Nigeria as a country, but in the Nigerian culture and society as a whole. judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-25749844633258805142020-05-17T02:37:00.001-07:002020-05-17T02:37:09.899-07:00Short Story - 1544 Words One day in a college water pipe there was a peanut named peter, this peanut was special, he lived in a Skippy brand peanut butter jar in a city named Aquaville. One day he met a donut named Dylan. Peter met Dylan when he was walking down to the local coffee shop. That day was not normal in his usual seat was sitting a donut. As Peter looked around at him the donut turned and glanced at him and he said hi and ever since that day they were good friends. After about a year of working at the local grocery store he discovered something very wrong with the city. In his daily walk down to the gym, he saw a sewer hatch open and he couldnââ¬â¢t resist but to explore. He loved to explore he climbed down the ladder and walked a ways down when he saw theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦And the next minute came on the news from the sheriff that they had it under control, but deep inside they knew that it wasnââ¬â¢t fine. So next day at work he was a little more aware of his surroundings and w hat happened which led to him at his home starting to prepare for the worst of the worst to happen. So after another week or two he and Dylan began to plan to try and fix this problem so as they worked for about 4 days couldnââ¬â¢t find a solution, but to wait for it to come be set off and for the city to be destroyed and as that evening he began to cry and began to wonder what would become of him when his city and home are destroyed. After the next few days he and the police department were planning when to order a mass evacuation. And as the day was more crime was being committed and they were getting away and peter was trying to figure out why but he couldnââ¬â¢t understand why the crime rate went up high as the day come down to the evacuation and his pet Cedric got sick and was trying to tell him something but couldnââ¬â¢t find out what. On a sunny Wednesday afternoon on the news came a warning of danger and the police ordered that everyone evacuate and that they werenà ¢â¬â¢t panicked when à ¾ the peopleShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:à à Characteristics â⬠¢Shortà - Can usually be read in one sitting. â⬠¢Concise:à à Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.à à This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot â⬠¢Usually tries to leave behind aà single impressionà or effect.à à Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. â⬠¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringingà personal experiencesà andà prior knowledgeà to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words à |à 5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. 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And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words à |à 6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words à |à 7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words à |à 7 PagesThe short stories ââ¬Å"The Idolâ⬠by Adolfo Bioy Casares and ââ¬Å"Axolotlâ⬠by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In ââ¬Å"Axolotlâ⬠, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words à |à 6 Pages The End. In the short story, ââ¬Å"Emma Barrett,â⬠the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-20587910107722606572020-05-06T18:43:00.001-07:002020-05-06T18:43:07.176-07:00Ideal State - 1366 Words Eren Erkan Final Draft 20801260 IR Phil 243/ 15 TuÃŸà §e Arà ±kan Essay Question: Explain Platoââ¬â¢s ideal state by referring to the Republic, book IV and VII. To what extent do you agree with Platoââ¬â¢s idea that the kings should be philosophers? Why? Why not? Concept of create an ideal state really need to long effort and time. This concept and long standing debate that how should be an ideal state is explains in Platoââ¬â¢s Republic book IV and VII. In Republic, Plato explains the features of an ideal state and he claims that the kings should be philosophers. He thinks to govern a state and make social harmony properly philosophers should govern the state. At this point, I will try to clarify Platoââ¬â¢s ideal state and why kingsâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Healthy things produce health, unhealthy ones disease. Produce justice establish the parts of the soul in a natural relation of control, one by another.ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢(Plato, Republic, 444c) Thus, in ideal state every person should be just because, for staying healthy our city needs to just people. Thanks to just people state will become ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢idealââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢. In ideal state, Plato has an idea that philosophers should be king because he thinks onlyShow More Related The Ideal State of Today Essay1789 Words à |à 8 PagesThe search for the ideal state has been an on going mission for leaders since the creation of the first government. For a state to be truly ideal, its administration and chief must have the right characteristics. A government is a system that governs a state. A leader is someone who operates the administration. Although this seems simple, historical and current chiefs and regimes have proven it is not. The teachings of men such as Lao-Tzu and Niccolo Machiavelli include specific details on the traitsRead MoreThe United States and the Ideals of Freedom Essay933 Words à |à 4 Pages Since the creation of the United States, the meaning of freedom has changed to meet changing attitudes. Throughout our nationââ¬â¢s history, there have been significant periods of racial, economic and civil rights inequalities. There are different meanings for freedoms that have been established throughout the historical period of the United States. During this modern era, the US had certain periods of time that lived up to the ideals of freedom such as the Gilded Age. In opposition, the US has alsoRead MoreSymmetric Generalized Biderivations On Jordan Ideals1181 Words à |à 5 PagesSYMMETRIC GENERALIZED BIDERIVATIONS ON JORDAN IDEALS IN PRIME RINGS AHMED ABOUBAKR* , ** AND SANTOS GONZà LEZ** Abstract. Let R be a prime ring with charR 6 = 2. A biadditive symmetric map B : R Ãâ" R ââ â R is called symmetric biderivation if, for any fixed y âËË R, the map x ââ â B(x, y) is a derivation. A symmetric biadditive map G : R Ãâ" R ââ â R is a symmetric generalized biderivation if for any fixed y âËË R, the map x ââ â G(x, y) is a generalized derivation of R associated with the derivation B(., y). In theRead MoreThe United States Of America Was Built Upon The Ideals1806 Words à |à 8 PagesThe united states of America was built upon the ideals of various cultures that came across this enourmous globe. There were many instances in which this great nation had overcome diversity and strugless for millions of citzens who have lived here for the longest time. However when our nation is attacked with such vile and cruel acts such as the September eleventh attacks, there will be outcomes of war with neighboring nations who may have been renspolbie for this deed. This nation must be strongRead MoreThe Lack of Separation of Church and State is an Attack on Americas Ideals1350 Words à |à 6 Pagesat this first experiment on our (religious) liberties (Maddox 3). Former president James Madisons words still ring through American ears as a nation is alarmed by the governments attack on Americas religious ideals Like James Madison, the first Europeans to settle the United States came with a dream of religious freedom. After being social pariahs in their native countries, these settlers held their religious choice sacred. They left their homes, families, and lives behind to seek freedom fromRead MorePerfect Ideal State Essay1019 Words à |à 5 PagesPerfect Geopolitical State The ideal country would be one that is very well rounded in nearly all aspects. Our country, Alfador, will be located within inbetween the coast of the United States and Hawaii. This allows for easy access to trade vessels as well as plentiful resources, and a warmer climate found within this area. The trade, and various ports found within our country would help to stimulate the economy, and better the country in the long run. Alfador is roughly 3.8 million square milesRead MorePlato s Ideal State1919 Words à |à 8 Pagesteachings of Plato s ideal state in particular and the political views of Plato, in general. Plato s ideal state - a speculative concept, which takes place in comparison with other types of which Plato also describes. First of all, we mean the four imperfect form of the state - timocracy, oligarchy, democracy and tyranny. Also in this context, it is advisable to consider utopian aristocratic republic, described by Plato in his Laws. Taking as an example his ideal state and giving him first placeRead MoreJohn Locke : An Ideal State2015 Words à |à 9 Pages Without the protection of the rights entailed from the aforementioned objectives government in any society, there is no rule of law. Without the rule of law society would quickly regress back to a state of nature that was man versus man, or mob rule. Neither situation would be an ideal state for anyone John Locke is one of the many important authors of such theories and I find his reasoning compelling. He believes that if the people give their individual power to enforce the laws of nature toRead MoreVoting throught the History of the United States: Not Living Up to the Founding Fathersà ´ Ideals1118 Words à |à 5 Pagesincreased opportunity and equality to Americans perhaps not all though. United States have not lived up to the founding fathersââ¬â¢ ideals. Voting first limited to those who had land; then those who did not could, and finally women got their chance to vote. The nation limited American rights to vote but it limited equality as well. In 1828 most states had dropped the requirement that voting citizens must own property but no states then allowed women, American Indians, or slaves to vote (97). In 1848 groupsRead MoreDemocracy : An Ideal State A Model For Future Societies1095 Words à |à 5 Pagesintolerant to the subjective behavior they revolt and kill, thus creating their own right to power. Aristotle felt that every state is a community and that these communities are established to produce some good in his work The Politics. The Republic, Plato felt that through philosophical teaching to establish the ideal stateââ¬âa model for future societies. Platoââ¬â¢s method would be an ideal way to settle the controversy when dealing with democracy, Aristotle solution interrelates with Platoââ¬â¢s method. Plato judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-41337741597932395392020-05-05T23:48:00.001-07:002020-05-05T23:48:18.113-07:00An Explication of Sylvia Plath8217s 8220Daddy8221 Essay Example For Students An Explication of Sylvia Plath8217s 8220Daddy8221 Essay It tends to be the trend for women who have had traumatic childhoods to be attracted to men who epitomize their emptiness felt as children. Women who have had unaffectionate or absent fathers, adulterous husbands or boyfriends, or relatives who molested them seem to become involved in relationships with men who, instead of being the opposite of the monsters in their lives, are the exact replicas of these ugly men. Sylvia Plaths poem Daddy is a perfect example of this unfortunate trend. In this poem, she speaks directly to her dead father and her husband who has been cheating on her, as the poem so indicates. The first two stanzas, lines 1-10, tell the readers that Plath, for thirty years, has been afraid of her father, so scared that she dares not to breathe or Achoo. She has been living in fear, although she announces that hes already dead. It is obvious that she believes that her father continues to control her life from the grave. She says that she has had to kill him, but hes alr eady dead, indicating her initial promise to forget him. She calls him a bag full of God, telling us that she considers her father a very strong, omnipotent being, someone who is superior in her eyes. In the middle of the poem, she begins to refer to herself as a Jew, and her father the German, who began chuffing me off like a Jewto Dachau, Auschwitz, Belson. What Plaths intent here is to allow us to understand that her father was a German, and she relates his behavior as a person to a Nazi. But later, she becomes more enraged, and strips the title of God from her father, and labels him a swastika and a brute. Every woman adores a Fascist is Plaths way of describing her feelings toward her father, since he was German. It also explains that women tend to fall into that tragic sequence where an absent father or a brutal father is the reason women attract violent men the boot in the face, the brute brute heart of a brute like you. In stanza 11, we begin to see Plath calling up memories of her father in photographs, and she now refers to him as a devil. In stanza 12, she tells us that he has bit her pretty red heart in two. Next, she states that he died when she was ten, and when she was twenty years old, she attempted suicide I tried to die, to get back back back to you. In stanza 13 is where she starts talking about her husband. She says that instead of dying, her friends stuck her together with glue, and since she could not die to get back to her father, she would marry someone who was similar. A man in black with a Meinkampf lookFor a love of the rack and the screw. These lines are frightening, but unfortunately real. Plath tells us that she has married someone exactly like her father, a man who has a my struggle look, a German look. The third line above seems to mean that her husband, who was poet Ted Hughes, cheated on her, in turn abandoning her. But she still said I do and agreed to be with him. The last two stanzas are the darkest, and ultimately appear to put some type of closure on Plaths life. She obviously believes that she killed her father when she was ten years old, stating that if Ive killed one man, Ive killed two. When parents die, and a child is very young, the child will often believe it to be his or her fault, because children cannot grasp the concept of death or the fact that a parent has left them. Therefore, it is apparent that Plath thinks she killed her father at ten, and is now killing her husband, because he has been cheating on her. She refers to her husband as a vampire, who has drank my blood for a year, seven years, if you want to know. Plath considers her husband to be the vampire version of her father, coming back to life to torture her and drink judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-73635055240723203182020-04-19T12:15:00.001-07:002020-04-19T12:15:02.993-07:00Violence or Non-violence How to Gain Independence Essay ExampleViolence or Non-violence How to Gain Independence Paper For every conflict there is a different method towards a resolution. After 1945 several countries under European rule strained for independence, of these many countries, India and Kenya waged two very different journeys to obtaining their goals of independence. India got there in 1947 after long periods of suffering through non-violent protests beginning in the early 1920s (Source 1. pg 1027). Kenya, however, turned to violence in 1952 in order to obtain their independence in 1963 (Source 1. pg 1116). After comparing these two countrys struggles for independence, a method of violence is a more defensible route. European colonies began in India during the early 1600s as a result of the trading companies (Text, pg 623). Realizing that India could not be controlled with out the help of its people, Britain began educating Indian people in order for them to hold political positions. In 1885, the Indian National Congress, was formulated and as a result the Hindu and Muslim people of India were brought together. This unity was ruptured with the British encouragement of the 1906 creation of the Muslim league (Text, pg 1027). Now, the divisions were clear and the only common cause of the two organizations was Indian independence. In 1915 an educated Indian by the name Mohandas Gandi, returned to India after being educated in London and worked in South Africa (Text, pg 1028). Gandi united the Indian people in massive movements, mainly the Non-cooperation Movement (1929-1922) and the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930. Britain did try to put down the Indian protesters violently. We will write a custom essay sample on Violence or Non-violence How to Gain Independence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Violence or Non-violence How to Gain Independence specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Violence or Non-violence How to Gain Independence specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This was not unexpected after the 1919 incident where 379 Indian demonstrators were massacred in a protest (Text, pg 1028). Gandi was able to repeatedly rally Indian people in the face of brutality be convincing them that sacrifice on ones self is superior to the sacrificing of others (Doc 169, pg 169). The British complied with several demands for reform as a result of the passive resistance, but only enough to delay independence. Headway was finally made in 1937 when the Government of India Act was enabled by the British to give India the means to be a self-governed state (Text, pg 1028). Unfortunately, due to the Hindu and Muslim divisions, India did not obtain independence until 1947, when India was divided into separate religious states (Text, pg 1102). Indias non-violent methods to acquiring independence can only be attributed to the fact that there was a window of opportunity available to India. After the First World War, Britain was in period of weakened economic status following the U. S. Stock Market Crash of 1929 (Text, pg 1011). This economic disadvantage was only worse after the Second World War. The situation made it difficult for Britain to effectively keep control, and allowing for India to slowly break away (Text, pg 1102). Had the economic situation given Britain the resources to stop the Indian resistance, the outcome of a non-violent gain of independence would not have been possible. The British first colonized Kenya in 1895 (Web). African lands were initially of interest to Europeans in order to establish sources for raw materials and later a labor source. Kenya, like many others sent numerous people to die in European wars for no reward (Doc 158, pg 220). On top of that already serious resentment, heavy taxes, eviction from lands, and being forced into positions of wage slaves, just added to the mounting explosion. Non-violent measures began early in the 1940s, but no requests of reform were ever honored by the British (Text, pg 1116). Angered the frozen situation, several nationalist rose to violently oppose the British in 1952. Jomo Kenyatta was among the leaders of the Mau Mau force who was captured and exiled in 1953 (Web). The British announced a state of emergency, until the violence ended in 1956. British forces were actually the victors of the war for independence, but the people of Kenya continued to push for their cause until it was a reality in 1963 (Text, pg 1116). Kenya chose a violent route towards independence because it was cleat that protests and strikes werent making any leeway. Britain blatantly exploited and suppressed people across Africa, as well as repeatedly ignore Kenyan attempts to become active in their own government. The extreme extent to which the Kenyan people were mistreated explains why they resorted to violence. Only after Kenya displayed their willingness to sacrifice their own lives and take down as many British as possible, did it become evident that the Kenyan people would no longer stand to be railroaded. Comparing these countries a little closer, violence is the more defensible route because once it is used; the process of independence is much faster. It took India well over 25 years after the first movement, and Kenya about 10 years after the first violent act to gain independence from colonial control. The fact that Europeans were only interested in these countries for greed and power, further illustrates how little respect was given. It is also because of these motives that Britain was not going to let go without a fight. Despite the method used to gain independence (violent or non) Britain still used violence in an attempt to control. If violence is to be brought into the equation by colonial powers, it should not be felt only by the oppressed. It is only right that emerging independent nations step up to the plate ready and throw right back what ever is dealt. Another take on the pro-violence stance in that the use of violence can help heal the wounds of racial degradation from years of colonial control (Text, pg 1112). All the adds up to the fact that violence is the best bet for gaining independence. After comparing these two countrys struggles for independence, a method of violence is a more defensible route. It is apparent that a non-violent approach only works in narrow circumstances, so violence the best bet for gaining independence. Violence is faster, fair, and mentally satisfying for countries trying free themselves of colonial control. The resolution must parallel the severity of the problem to have effective results. Any other course of action would only delay (at best) the arrival of independence. judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-81366561262980384552020-03-15T01:35:00.001-07:002020-03-15T01:35:02.193-07:00Learn About the Peripheral Nervous SystemLearn About the Peripheral Nervous System The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of neurons. This system is responsible for sending, receiving, and interpreting information from all parts of the body. The nervous system monitors and coordinates internal organ function and responds to changes in the external environment. This system can be divided into two parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, which function to receive, process, and send information to the PNS. The PNS consists of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and billions of sensory and motor neurons. The primary function of the peripheral nervous system is to serve as a pathway ofà communication between the CNS and the rest of the body. While CNS organs have a protective covering of bone (brain-skull, spinal cord- spinal column), the nerves of the PNS areà exposed and more vulnerable to injury. Types of Cells There are two types of cells in the peripheral nervous system. These cells carry information to (sensory nervous cells) and from (motor nervous cells) the central nervous system. Cells of the sensory nervous system send information to the CNS from internal organs or from external stimuli.à Motor nervous system cells carry information from the CNS to organs, muscles, and glands. Somatic and Autonomic Systems The motor nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls skeletal muscle, as well as external sensory organs, such as the skin. This system is said to be voluntary because the responses can be controlled consciously. Reflex reactions of skeletal muscle, however, are an exception. These are involuntary reactions to external stimuli. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary muscles, such as smooth and cardiac muscle. This system is also called the involuntary nervous system. The autonomic nervous system can further be divided into parasympathetic, sympathetic, enteric divisions. The parasympathetic division functions to inhibit or slow down autonomic activities such asà heart rate, pupil constriction, and bladder contraction. The nerves of the sympathetic division often have an opposite effect when they are located within the same organs as parasympathetic nerves. Nerves of the sympathetic division speed up heart rate, dilate pupils and relax the bladder. The sympathetic system is also involved in the flight or fight response. This is a response to potential danger that results in accelerated heart rate and an increase in metabolic rate. The enteric division of the autonomic nervous system controls the gastrointestinal system. It is composed of two sets of neural networks located within the walls of the digestive tract. These neurons control activities such as digestive motility and blood flow within the digestive system. While the enteric nervous system can function independently, it also has connections with CNS allowing for the transfer of sensory information between the two systems. Division The peripheral nervous system is divided into the following sections: Sensory Nervous System- sends information to the CNS from internal organs or from external stimuli.Motor Nervous System- carries information from the CNS to organs, muscles, and glands.Somatic Nervous System- controls skeletal muscle as well as external sensory organs.Autonomic Nervous System- controls involuntary muscles, such as smooth and cardiac muscle.Sympathetic- controls activities that increase energy expenditures.Parasympathetic- controls activities that conserve energy expenditures.Enteric- controls digestive system activity. Connections Peripheral nervous system connections with various organs and structures of the body are established through cranial nerves and spinal nerves. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves in the brain that establish connections in the head and upper body, while 31 pairs of spinal nerves do the same for the rest of the body. While some cranial nerves contain only sensory neurons, most cranial nerves and all spinal nerves contain both motor and sensory neurons. judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-52319755865656672662020-02-27T15:59:00.001-08:002020-02-27T15:59:02.572-08:00Discussion 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsDiscussion 8 - Assignment Example This can be accomplished through a variety of incentives as well as implementing new requirements for the landscaping of any new housing development. The outright legislation of what type of plants that an individual is allowed to plant in their own yard may seem a bit draconian, especially to those that have lived in the LA area for many years. As such, a good remedy to this would be to require that any new housing developments and or landscaping projects must adhere to some minimum drought hardy requirements. Simply having a green lawn is not reason for a fine; however, if water records can substantiate that the individual is wastefully using public resources solely for beautification purposes, that individual should be forced to pay a penalty for this luxury because the aforementioned individual is taking the resources of the entire public. It is a part of the American societal norm. We are constantly shown perfect, green, beautifully manicured lawns in movies, television, advertisements, and other forms of marketing. We are told that this is what we should all ascribe to and in so doing we will be able to further delineate ourselves from the rest of the neighborhood as the person who has the best grass ââ¬â as if that really matters. In the first article that was assigned, it stated that the lawn business was a several hundred billion dollar a year money making machine; as such, the firms that benefit from this infusion of money will continue to lobby and advertise and market this form of ââ¬Å"happinessâ⬠to an unwitting public. It depends on how severe the drought is or if the water system has reached or is near reaching absolute capacity. Going so far at this juncture as tearing out non-native plants would be a bit severe especially since such a broad ranging edict would have many negative effects on the local environment including judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-54693198431847408742020-02-11T08:45:00.001-08:002020-02-11T08:45:03.462-08:00Knowledge and Talent Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 wordsKnowledge and Talent Development - Essay Example The effectiveness of employees, as designed in the HR strategies, is a crucial component in achieving positive business outcomes. Every company has a comprehensive and structured set of techniques that an organization adopts in order to improve quality, efficiency, and reliability of their goods and services. These strategies are all geared towards making the organization globally competitive and adhere to the established standards and best business practices. This approach cuts across all departments, employees, suppliers and the clients of the organization. Talent development and knowledge management are geared towards improving the performance of both the employees and organization. According to Garavan Et al (2012), talent developments are activities that ensure the rightful management of the human resources. Talent development in organizations has progressed in line with changes experienced in the world such as globalization, technology, and culture. Talent development leads to efficient systems that result in job satisfaction, effective career growth, increased motivation, and organizational commitment of the employees. As a result, this leads to the creation of a favorable working environment build on trust and relationship where employees are able to make proper and informed judgments. Knowledge and Talent Development According Herzbergââ¬â¢s Hygiene theory on employee motivation, employees experience job contentment when they fulfill career growth and needs (Lunenburg & Ornstein, 2012, p. 16). When employees exhibit a strong desire to be part of a particular organization, they are willing to exert high levels of their efforts on behalf of their organization. Employee satisfaction plays a pivotal function in increasing the productivity of employees. Motivation commits the employees to work passionately in order to gain promotion, new skills, more remuneration, and benefits. The employees of an organization need to be provided with the necessary infor mation, training, mentoring, and coachin judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-89525246129188951902020-01-31T06:43:00.001-08:002020-01-31T06:43:03.816-08:00King Aegeus - Greek Mythology Essay Example for Free King Aegeus Greek Mythology Essay Even though many believe mythology was written just to satisfy, it actually serves as an explanation. These tales written by Ancient Greeks were not written just to entertain, but for a purpose. Mythology is an important factor which helps discover secrets of our race. Using these myths, natural phenomena is explained, morality is taught, and manââ¬â¢s greatest hopes and deepest fears are revealed. Still today these stories are looked at to explain everyday events. An example of mythology unlocking keys to the human race is when natural phenomena is explained. In the story of Theseus, his father, King Aegeus, kills himself and falls into a body of water which is now known as the Aegean Sea (Hamilton 152). King Aegeus shows the love he has for Theseus by committing suicide when he believes his beloved son was killed in the Labrynith. The Greeks celebrate his life by naming the Aegean Sea after him. In addition to this incidence, the explanation of seasons is given using the tale of Demeter, ââ¬Å"Demeter did not refuse, poor comfort though it was that she must lose Persephone for four months every year and her young loveliness go down to the world of the dead,â⬠(Hamilton 53). When Demeter is without her daughter, whom she loves dearly, for four months, she becomes very unhappy. As a result of her depression, the earth becomes cold for this time period, thus making the season of winter. Certainly mythology is a great source of justification for the unexplainable. Not only does mythology explain natural phenomena, it also teaches morality in many of the myths. For example, in the story of Daedalus, he warns his son not to fly too high because the heat of the sun will melt the glue on his wings and he will fall, but Icarus gets caught up with having the ability to fly, disregards his fatherââ¬â¢s advice, and ends up falling into the sea (Hamilton 139-140). The moral portrayed in the story is that children need to obey their elders, for they have more life experiences and wisdom. When Icarus does not listen to his father, fate is not kind to him. Another situation that depicts a significant lesson is the one that takes place in Perseusââ¬â¢s story when Queen Cassiopeia boasts her daughter, Andromeda, to be more beautiful than the daughters of Nereus. This angers the gods and they send a man eating serpent to Ethiopia which can only be freed by the sacrifice of Andromeda (Hamilton 146). The message of this myth is that being prideful is dangerous and can cause people to perform harmful actions towards the boasting party. Often times, individuals are proud of what they have and flaunt their possessions for attention, when it is better to just sit quiet and let others realize it themselves. Clearly, the morals taught in mythology were relevant to life then and are still relevant in life today. The final function mythology serves is being able to explore manââ¬â¢s greatest hopes and deepest fears. This is displayed in Thisbe and Pyramusââ¬â¢s tale when their ashes are put together in the urn so that they will be together forever (Hamilton 103). In life, it is oneââ¬â¢s dream to be with their loved one for as long as they are alive. It is very common when a couple dies that they want to be buried together in the hopes that even death will not be able to separate them. Friendship is a relationship similar to marriage that is highly valued and is demonstrated when Hercules leaves the Argonauts to go look for his best friend, Hylas (Hamilton 120). It is not like Hercules to abandon such a journey that would make him even look even more heroic, but his friendship with Hylas takes priority over the voyage for the Golden Fleece. The force present in friendship is so strong that one will do almost anything for the other. Without a doubt mythology provides many of examples of manââ¬â¢s greatest hopes and deepest fears. Obviously mythology can be used in many ways to explain everyday happenings. Whether it is natural phenomena, morality, or manââ¬â¢s hopes and fears, mythology plays an important role. The mythological stories, written by the ancient Greeks, often parallel events that happen today. Studying more in depth of these myths might lead to a better perception of life now. Work Cited Hamilton, Edith. Mythology Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes. New York: Penguin Group, 1940. Print. 13-315. judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-10362504098100818332020-01-23T03:07:00.001-08:002020-01-23T03:07:04.041-08:00Blindness and Sight in Oedipus the King - Lack of Vision :: Oedipus the King Oedipus RexBlindness in Oedipus the King People can be ââ¬Å"blindedâ⬠to the truth. The answer to their question or solution to their problem may have been obvious. Yet, they could not "see" the answer. They were blinded to the truth. Associations have been made between being blind and enlightened. A blind person is said to have powers to see invisible things. They "see" into the future. The blind may not have physical sight, but they have another kind of vision. In Sophocles' King Oedipus, Teiresias, the blind prophet, presents the truth to King Oedipus and Jocasta. Oedipus has been blinded to the truth his whole life. When he does find the truth, he loses his physical vision. Because of the truth, Oedipus blinds himself. Jocasta was blind to the true identity of Oedipus. Even when she found out the truth, she refused to accept it. In this case, those who are blind ultimately do have a higher vision - the truth. Kind Oedipus started life with a prophecy that he would kill his father and marry his mother. In an attempt to avoid this fate, his parents, Laius and Jocasta, sent him into the mountains to die. However, a shepherd saved Oedipus. This shepherd gave Oedipus to Polybus and Merope. When Oedipus learned of his prophecy, he fled his home, thinking these people were his real parents. On his flight, he met Laius. He ended up killing Laius. He continued on, answered a riddle of the evil Sphinx, and ended up king of Thebes. With this kingdom, Oedipus married Jocasta. He had lived out the prophecy without even knowing he had. Thebes fell onto bad times, and a prophet put the blame on a polluter of the lands. Oedipus called on Teiresias, and Teiresias informed him that the polluter was the King. As Oedipus searched further and further, he discovered that he was the polluter and that the prophecy had come true. When Oedipus finally discovered the truth, he was so distressed that he ran pins int o his eyes, blinding himself. He had been blinded to the truth for so long. Oedipus was blind in more then one way. He was blind to the truth about his own life. Oedipus had no idea that his real parents were Laius and Jocasta. He was so blind that he got mad at anyone who was foolish enough to suggest such an idea. Blindness and Sight in Oedipus the King - Lack of Vision :: Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex Blindness in Oedipus the King People can be ââ¬Å"blindedâ⬠to the truth. The answer to their question or solution to their problem may have been obvious. Yet, they could not "see" the answer. They were blinded to the truth. Associations have been made between being blind and enlightened. A blind person is said to have powers to see invisible things. They "see" into the future. The blind may not have physical sight, but they have another kind of vision. In Sophocles' King Oedipus, Teiresias, the blind prophet, presents the truth to King Oedipus and Jocasta. Oedipus has been blinded to the truth his whole life. When he does find the truth, he loses his physical vision. Because of the truth, Oedipus blinds himself. Jocasta was blind to the true identity of Oedipus. Even when she found out the truth, she refused to accept it. In this case, those who are blind ultimately do have a higher vision - the truth. Kind Oedipus started life with a prophecy that he would kill his father and marry his mother. In an attempt to avoid this fate, his parents, Laius and Jocasta, sent him into the mountains to die. However, a shepherd saved Oedipus. This shepherd gave Oedipus to Polybus and Merope. When Oedipus learned of his prophecy, he fled his home, thinking these people were his real parents. On his flight, he met Laius. He ended up killing Laius. He continued on, answered a riddle of the evil Sphinx, and ended up king of Thebes. With this kingdom, Oedipus married Jocasta. He had lived out the prophecy without even knowing he had. Thebes fell onto bad times, and a prophet put the blame on a polluter of the lands. Oedipus called on Teiresias, and Teiresias informed him that the polluter was the King. As Oedipus searched further and further, he discovered that he was the polluter and that the prophecy had come true. When Oedipus finally discovered the truth, he was so distressed that he ran pins int o his eyes, blinding himself. He had been blinded to the truth for so long. Oedipus was blind in more then one way. He was blind to the truth about his own life. Oedipus had no idea that his real parents were Laius and Jocasta. He was so blind that he got mad at anyone who was foolish enough to suggest such an idea. judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-46466124676938962592020-01-14T23:31:00.001-08:002020-01-14T23:31:03.520-08:00OzymandiusCommanding poems that continue to be talked about and analyzed to this day. Each sonnet was published by Leigh Hunt early in 1818 in consecutive issues of his monthly Journal, The Examiner (Rumens, 2010). Even though the sonnet written by Smith has taken a back seat to Shelley in scholarly study, both poems explore the opulence of ancient history and the inevitable consequences of time. Inspired by recent discoveries in the Near East, Shelley and Smith were motivated by the words of historian Odorous Sculls who claimed the inscription on the statue of Renames II read, ââ¬Å"King of Kings Commanding am l.If any want to know how great I am and where I lie, let him outdo me in my workâ⬠(Mimics, 2010). The motivation for these separatist poems was to create a piece of artwork that would withstand the inevitable passing of time. Unlike the crumbling boasting monuments of Ancient Egypt whose intent was to memorial their rule, their own literary words would be a piece of poetic art t hat would forever be remembered in European literature. While the differences outweigh the similarities between these woo poems, there is a uniting theme expressed by both Shelley and Smith.Each author uses the same subject, tells the same story and makes the same moral point of the arrogance of human authority and the inevitable decline of all leaders. Every great leader wants to be amortized and remembered. Time is the ceaseless enemy of this great wish of mortal men. It never stops, takes pause or shows tire as it breaks down the most triumphant of mortal monuments. Both poems use the expression of time to unite the idea that all power is fleeting as exampled by the only mains of the statue's leg.The variations in diction between Shelley and Smith allows for a vast difference of perspective. Smith, an author of historical novels and financial advisor to Shelley, lacked an overall flare that is seen in Shelley poem. However, his words reinforce the sense of loss and emptiness of t he desert and that forgotten Babylon' (Smith, 1818). Smith chooses a future perspective of someone stopping upon the ruins and wondering what greatness once resided in the Egyptian desert. His words are less imaginative and the tone of the poem comes across more loom than wrathful as compared to Shelley.There is no focus on the arrogance and harsh rule of Commanding. On the other hand, Shelley chooses to present the remains of Commanding from the narrator's perspective. The passage, ââ¬Å"Tell that its sculptor well those passions readâ⬠, shows that the unrelenting style of rule, as depicted on the visage, was accurately portrayed to the traveler (Shelley, 1818). Shelley is able to strip focus away from Commanding' own aspiration of being amortized and draw attention to the truth of his unsympathetic reign as depicted wrought the hands of the artisan.Shelley literary style and viewpoint makes clear his disdain for ancient rule and monarchies (Solo Interactive Learning). Shelle y and Smith were both inspired by the political developments of their own day and opinions were heightened by the 1821 acquisition of a statue of Rammers II by the British Museum in London. In their own personal style, each poet conveyed the same paradox: ââ¬Å"Commanding, the self-proclaimed King of Kings, commissioned a statue of himself to guarantee his immortality, but all that's left is a broken statueâ⬠(Durbin, 012). judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-22318723355447711502020-01-06T19:53:00.001-08:002020-01-06T19:53:02.945-08:00Prejudice and Racism in Heart of Darkness Essay - 3434 Words Racism in Heart of Darkness Heart of Darkness is a social commentary on imperialism, but the characters and symbols in the book have a meaning for both the psychological and cultural aspects of Marlowââ¬â¢s journey. Within the framework of Marlowââ¬â¢s psychedelic experience is an exploration of the views the European man holds of the African man. These views express the conflict between the civilized and the savage, the modern and the primordial, the individual and the collective, the moral and the amoral, that is part of the general psychedelic experience. Marlow, as a modern European man, cannot escape the arrogance of the civilized, cannot accept the jungle as an equally important part of a whole reality, but he gains some kindâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦No; you want a deliberate belief.ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ * The inherent strength of civilized people is in our ability to trust to faith, to believe so much in something that it will preserve our sense of self even when it is threatened by total absence of , even the opposite conditions of, all that formed to make it. The Africans fascinate Marlow, lure that part of him that wants to escape from the surface-realities created by sociality. Is it a deliberate belief that saves him from asserting his attraction, or an accident of situation? ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËYou wonder I didnââ¬â¢t go ashore for a howl and a dance? Well, noââ¬âI didnââ¬â¢t. Fine sentiments, you say? Fine sentiments be hanged! I had no time. I had to mess about with white-lead and strips of woollen blanket helping to put bandages on those leaky steam-pipes, I tell you. ...There was surface-truth enough in these things to save a wiser man.ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ * The technological realities of civilized man happened to allow him to focus his thoughts on work. This reconciles with the notion of a ââ¬Ëdeliberate beliefââ¬â¢ because Marlow unshakeably believes that work contains truth (and he can assert this truth against the truth of the Africans) and is not another syst em of surface-reality. Marlow sees his journey as a demonstration of the failure of surface-realities to restrain man from gratifying his instinctual lusts; their failure in even remaining surface-truths but degenerating in the minds of man to delusions that undermineShow MoreRelated Prejudice and Racism in The Jewel in the Crown and Heart of Darkness1361 Words à |à 6 PagesRacism in The Jewel in the Crown and Heart of Darkness à à à The effects of British colonialism are reflected in literature from both early modernism and post colonialism. Racial discrimination tainted both eras portrayed in the British morale of white supremacy over non-European counties unfolded. Heart of Darkness exemplifies early modernism in the British explorers viewed African natives of the Congo as incapable of human equality due to perceived uncivilized savagery. Personal interactionRead More Prejudice and Racism - No Racism in Heart of Darkness Essay1108 Words à |à 5 PagesNo Racism in Heart of Darkness à à à Chinua Achebe challenges Joseph Conrads novella depicting the looting of Africa, Heart of Darkness (1902) in his essay An Image of Africa (1975). Achebes is an indignant yet solidly rooted argument that brings the perspective of a celebrated African writer who chips away at the almost universal acceptance of the work as classic, and proclaims that Conrad had written a bloody racist book (Achebe 319). In her introduction in the Signet 1997 editionRead MoreEssay Prejudice, Racism and Power in Heart of Darkness977 Words à |à 4 PagesRace and Power in Heart of Darkness à à à In Joseph Conrads novella, Heart of Darkness, the socially constructed differences of African and European cultures are effective in representing the power sites of the time. The alleged `superiority of the European culture can be recognized by comparing their ideologies to those of the primitive, `inferior `savages. Conrads personal experiences in the Belgian Congo, in the 1890s, influenced the compilation of Heart of Darkness, reflecting theRead More Prejudice and Racism in Heart of Darkness? Essay872 Words à |à 4 PagesHeart of Darkness: Racist or not? à Many critics, including Chinua Achebe in his essay An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness, have made the claim that Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness, despite the insights which it offers into the human condition, ought to be removed from the canon of Western literature. This claim is based on the supposition that the novel is racist, more so than other novels of its time. While it can be read in this way, it is possible to lookRead More Prejudice and Racism in Conradââ¬â¢s Heart of Darkness Essay802 Words à |à 4 PagesRacism in Conradââ¬â¢s Heart of Darknessà à Imagine floating up the dark waters of the Congo River in the Heart of Africa. The calmness of the water and the dense fog make the hairs stand up on the back of your neck as you wonder if the steamboats crew will eat you as you sleep. These things occur in Joseph Conradââ¬â¢s Heart of Darkness. Although the book is undeniably racist, was the author, Joseph Conrad, racist? Conrad was racist because he uses racial slurs, the slavery and unfair treatment ofRead More Prejudice in Heart of Darkness: Racism is a Relative Term Essay1026 Words à |à 5 PagesHeart of Darkness: Racism is a Relative Term Racism is a relative term. While many people argue that Conrads novel, Heart of Darkness, contains the theme of racism, they tend to ignore the fact that this novel was written around the turn of the century. During this time period it was accepted practice to think of a black man as savage because that was how the popular culture viewed the African American race. If someone called a black man savage today, that someone would be considered a racistRead MoreRacism And Sexism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1108 Words à |à 5 Pagesundertaking VCE. From the time Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad was published in 1899 the novel has been held under considerable scrutiny as many interpretations have been developed over the novels true intent as well as the overall message portrayed within. Chinua Achebeââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"An Image of Africaâ⬠is a well-known criticism on Heart of Darkness that focuses on a Post-Colonial perspective to describe the nature of the novel. Jeremy Hawth ornââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Women of Heart of Darknessâ⬠is another well-known criticismRead MoreHeart of Darkness971 Words à |à 4 Pagesin Heart of Darkness, or does Achebe merely see Conrad from the point of view of an African? Is it merely a matter of view point, or does there exist greater underlying meaning in the definition of racism? br2. How does Achebes personal history and the context in which he wrote An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness reflect the manner in which he views Conrads idea of racism in the novel? br3. Taking into account Achebes assumptions and analysis of racism in Heart ofRead MoreExploring the Horror of Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness990 Words à |à 4 PagesHorror of Heart of Darkness nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; The horror, the horror! Kurtz exclaims prior to his last breath of life on earth. In those final moments, Kurtz was able to say something so true about the whole mess of human life. A life dominated by the fittest, perceived differently through each human eye, and full of judgement lacking understanding of all sides. The various ways the world is viewed causes many problems amongst its people. Whether they are about racism, wealth, orRead MoreHeart of Darkness/Apocalypse Now808 Words à |à 4 PagesHeart of Darkness, written by Joseph Conrad and ââ¬Å"Apocalypse Nowâ⬠, a movie directed by Francis Coppola represent two outstanding examples that compare relevant ideas regarding racism, colonialism, and prejudices. The two combine film along with descriptive language to portray their mastery during different eras. For Heart of Darkness, Conrad uses his writing techniques to illustrate Marlow in the Congo, while in ââ¬Å"Apocalypse Nowâ⬠, Coppola uses film editing and c lose ups on important scenes with unique judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-62705153086629273852019-12-29T16:17:00.001-08:002019-12-29T16:17:04.025-08:00Gender Stereotypes And Gender Roles - 1959 Words Whether it is on TV or movie screens, the faces of white actors and actresses have always been prevalent in the media. For generations, many teenagers have been exposed to countless movies with white people in major roles. Moreover, the few roles that are cast to minorities feature the characters in their stereotypical personas (Bonilla-Silva 179). Even in advertising, Asians are placed in business settings, upholding the hard-working Asian stereotype (Taylor and Stern 50). As Taylor and Stern mention in their paper, the ââ¬Å"model minorityâ⬠has made the issue of stereotyping seem less important for Asians. The majority of these actors that are examined, regardless of race, are typically middle-age and well established in their acting careers. However, there is a lack of research behind Asian youth acting and their perceived roles. To account for this knowledge deficit, I examine how whiteness influences the media to portray youth actors as individuals that stray from their s tereotypes in an attempt to achieve whiteness. My research site centres around Fresh Off the Boat (FOB), a comedic television series featuring a Taiwanese family. The title of the show Fresh Off the Boat or ââ¬Å"FOBâ⬠is also a term used to describe a person that is considered too ethnic and as a term of denigration. I utilize Pyke and Dangââ¬â¢s categorization of ââ¬Å"FOBâ⬠and ââ¬Å"whitewashedâ⬠to analyze the narrator, Eddie Huang. I chose to limit my research primarily to the first ââ¬Å"pilotâ⬠episode where the audience isShow MoreRelatedGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles Essay1415 Words à |à 6 PagesRoles are often assigned to boys and girls in accordance with the sex assigned at birth. We refer to these as gender roles. Gender roles begin to be imposed as early as birth. The nursery in the hospital assigns either a blue name plate for a boy or a pink name plate for a girl. These roles are continuously reinforced by family. Children lear n at an early age that boys and girls are different. Children observe gender roles and in many cases these roles are eventually accepted as an unquestionableRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Stereotypes Essay1449 Words à |à 6 PagesProspectus: Gender roles and gender stereotypes in advertising My position: I believe advertisements that reinforce female gender roles and stereotypes are damaging to society. 2. Non-favorable Incidents: The examination of the ââ¬Å"Victoriaââ¬â¢s Secretâ⬠ad for a line of undergarments labeled ââ¬Å"The Showstopper.â⬠The headline is ââ¬Å"Show nothing but your shape,â⬠and the image is a thin woman with big breasts staring seductively. The image clearly sets a tone that this is what is a stand of ideal beauty. AndRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles954 Words à |à 4 Pages Gender can be a hot topic within cultures; a male or female does not want to be told that they can or cannot do something based on their gender. Every culture views gender roles differently, and some cultures are more serious about gender than others. Many times, male and female actions are determined by what a person has been taught is right; furthermore, gender roles are a set of societal norms that are the behaviors that a sex is generally known to do and what is considered accepted of a personRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1241 Words à |à 5 PagesWe will never be able to control how gender stereotypes are formed. Gender roles were naturally created as a result of human evolution and the different modes of living that were adopted by humans. Humans, however remain the driving force behind reinforcing gender roles and stereotypes with different mediums. Such as television, art, and writing. In order to understand how gender is portrayed in contemporary American comedy this paper will analyze the characters from the television show, Itââ¬â¢s AlwaysRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1261 Words à |à 6 Pagesbeen expected to act a certain way depending on their sex. These societal expectations are called gender roles. (Rathus, 2010, p.447). These roles begin to develop even before a child is even out of the womb. A mother may decorate their nursery pink if they are having a daughter because ââ¬Å"girls like pink,â⬠and ââ¬Å"boys like blue.â⬠Gender roles should not be confused with gender stereotypes. A gender stereoty pe is a narrow way of thinking about how men and woman are obligated to behave. For example, men haveRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Stereotypes1102 Words à |à 5 PagesDefined Gender Roles Creating a Lack of Reality in Childrenââ¬â¢s Literature Distinction is a concept that is learned at a very young age. It is used as a tool to distinguish between race, religion, language, age and especially gender. Where certain topics regarding race and religion may be considered more taboo, the definition of gender is always open for discussion but it is not always depicted in all forms of the word. Children can feel isolated if they cannot relate to individuals they look up toRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1246 Words à |à 5 PagesGender roles are defined as the ââ¬Å"widely accepted societal expectations about how males and females should behaveâ⬠(Rathus, 2010). From gender roles, we, the people of society, are able to determine whether someone identifies as a male or a female. Both biological and social factors tend to determine what gender roles a person takes on. However, there are also gender stereotypes, which are ââ¬Å"the fixed and oversimplified beliefs about the ways in which men and women ought to beha veâ⬠(Rathus, 2010).Read MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1389 Words à |à 6 PagesGender roles are set of societal norms dictating the types of behavior which are genrally considered acceptable , appropriate for people based on their actual or perceived sex or sexuality. Gender roles are also determined by the prevailing cultural norms. The attitudes and expectations surrounding gender roles are not typically based on any inherent or natural gender differences, but on gender stereotypes, or oversimplified notions about the attitudes, traits, and behavior patterns of males andRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1845 Words à |à 8 PagesTimes have changed; gender roles are no longer clearly defined Traditionally, gender has been defined as the state of being male or female but, recently society has begun to understand that gender is not the biological sex that you were born with but how you identify and express yourself. A persons gender can be male, female, neither, both or something completely different. People tend to see gender as black or white, or a box you can tick but gender does not have to conform to what our modern societyRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1076 Words à |à 5 PagesGender stereotypes and gender roles are a largely contested issue in the modern world. Countries around the world have very different gender norms, though there are some recurrent patterns between many cultures. For most recurrent patterns there is a culture who does not abide by those gender norms. There is typically many good reasons for each recurrent pattern that makes sense from an evolutionary standpoint. There is also a significant difference in the way men and women are t reated. This is caused judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-14100792051609679012019-12-21T12:05:00.001-08:002019-12-21T12:05:03.788-08:00Human Epidermal Growth Factor ( Her2 ) - 1153 Words 1.Introduction 1.1 Introduction Human epidermal growth factor (HER2) is a specialised protein that has the ability to control the growth and spread of certain cancers. Breast cancer is defined as HER2 positive (HER2+) when there is an extremely high level of HER2 receptors present within the cancerous tumour of the breast tissue (Macmillan, 2013). 1.2 Aims and objectives This report aims to give an overview on breast cancer focusing on the HER2+ sub-type of the disease; it includes an overview of aetiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. It will also include how the advances in stratified medicine have helped tailor treatment for patients suffering from the HER2+ form of breast cancer. 2.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Breast cancer has been the most common cancer in the UK since 1997, in 2011 alone it was accountable for 30% of all new cancer diagnosed in women (Cancer Research UK, 2014). Between 15-25% of newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer will test positive for the over expression of the HER2 protein (Macmillan, 2014). The incidence of breast cancer in Northern Ireland is close to the average for developed countries (NI Cancer Registry, 2011). However for the past 20 years Northern Irelands incidence has been the lowest in the UK (Cancer Research UK, 2014). 3. Pathophysiology Like all cancers, breast cancer develops because of defects in the DNA of a single cell. Cancers arise when there is an accumulation of genetic mutations within genes that control cell growth and division or the repair of damaged DNA. This causes damage allowing cells to grow and divide uncontrollably forming a tumour. These mutations are called somatic mutations and are not inherited (GHR, 2007) In addition to these genetic changes researchers have identified many other factors that increase the risk of developing of breast cancer, these were previously mentioned. 4. Clinical Presentation The symptoms of breast cancer can be categorised into early stage judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-70874662961238094522019-12-13T08:36:00.001-08:002019-12-13T08:36:06.406-08:00Surf Exel Free Essays string(80) " and Britannia who already had a strong rural focus, stepped up the gasfurther\." ? HINDUSTAN LEVER LIMITEDA Project Report On SURF EXCEL ? 2. TABLE OF CONTENTSâ⬠¢ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSâ⬠¢ INTRODUCTIONâ⬠¢ EXECUTIVE SUMMARYâ⬠¢ INDUSTRY ANALYSISâ⬠¢ COMPANY OVERVIEWâ⬠¢ FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSISâ⬠¢ MARKETING MIX OF ORISSAâ⬠¢ COMPETITORS ANALYSISâ⬠¢ PROJECT1: o OBJECTIVES o SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY o RESEARCH METHODOLOGY o DATA ANALYSIS à § CONSUMER ANALYSIS o CONCLUSIONSâ⬠¢ APPENDIX o CONSUMERââ¬â¢S QUESTIONNAIRE o DETAILED FSA ? 3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe project assigned to us was to study the business and marketing practice, competitorsin business and customers of Surf Excel, for Orissa market. We will write a custom essay sample on Surf Exel or any similar topic only for you Order Now For this a questionnaire wasprepared for the consumers. A sample of 53 consumers was surveyed. The respondentswere interviewed in market places across Bhubaneswar. After the analysis we came to the conclusion that the Surf Excel enjoys a space in the top2 positions in brand recall of the consumer. This is a positive sign for HLL. The researchalso shows that the market share of Surf Excel in Orissaââ¬â¢s detergent market isapproximately 66%. Also, from the survey it is evident that brand name, price andcleansing action are three of the most important attributes a consumer looks for in anydetergent brand. Surf Excel enjoys a good reputation with the consumers with respect toall these attributes. Another thing that we noted in this survey was that Television is the most usedinformation source for the consumer. The exact communication recall however, is verypoor among the consumer. This could be attributed to the ever increasing advertisementclutter, across all media. Thus, HLL should consider looking for other media likeoutdoors. It was also noted that over 50% of the consumers who used Surf Excel, would purchasepacks whose size was 1/2 ââ¬â 1 kg and did not prefer purchasing the 200gm pack. We triedto find out the reason as to why this practice occurred, but to no avail. HLL shouldconsider promoting this pack size in some way, or phase it out totally. Thus, we can conclude that Surf Excel enjoys excellent customer reviews. It gets specialrecognition for its superior cleansing action, the convenient packs it comes in, the ease it ? 4. is available with, and the fact that its price is at par with similar products available in themarket today. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. The primary objective of the study was to understand the customers of Surf Excel ( type/ quality/ their decision making style/ source of information that they use for collecting information regarding Surf Excel) 2. The study was also aimed to understand the business and marketing practice of Surf Excel and the marketing mix used by HLL for Surf Excel. 3. Another important objective of the study was to understand the competitors of Surf Excel. 4. Efforts were also made to evaluate the financial strength and market capabilities of the parent firm, Hindustan Lever Limited. ? 5. INDIAN FMCG INDUSTRYBackgroundThe FMCG sector has been the cornerstone of the Indian economy. Though, the sector has been in existence for quite a long time, it began totake shape only during the last fifty-odd years. The sector touches everyaspect of human life, from looks to hygiene to palate. Perhaps, defining anindustry whose scope is so vast is not easy. Generally, FMCG refers to consumer non-durable goods required for dailyor frequent use. The sector touches every aspect of human life, from looksto hygiene to palate. Perhaps, defining an industry whose scope is so vastis not easy. The FMCG sector consists mainly of sub segments viz. personal care, oral care andhousehold products. This can be further sub-divided into oral care, soaps and detergents,Health and Hygiene products, beauty cosmetics, hair care products, food and dairy-basedproducts, cigarettes, and tea and beverages. Major Indian consumer product companies (like Britannia, PG, HLL, etc. ) have a verystrong presence through their strong brands. Diversified portfolios, wide distributionnetworks and scale economies of these companies deter new players from entering. Brand equity, therefore, is an extremely important factor in FMCG industry. One of theother most critical factors is the ability to build, develop, and maintain a robustdistribution networkPost-reforms, the industrys growth has been hinging around a burgeoning ruralpopulation which has witnessed significant rise in disposable incomes. Consequently, therural markets have been witnessing intense competition in almost all the consumerproduct classes. Another reason which has led to rise in this trend is the saturation inurban markets in most of the consumer non-durable goods categories. This has led to theindustry players scrambling for greater rural penetration as a future growth vehicle, thearea which accounts for 70% of the total Indian householdsSo far, it has been a chequered graph for the MNCs operating in the Indian FMCGindustry. Domestic companies are only beginning to make their presence felt in theindustry. It has taken tremendous consumer insight and market savviness for the FMCGplayers to reach where they are today. But, the journey seems to have just now begun forthe players as the majority of the rural populace are yet to get access to the items of dailyusage like toothpastes, soaps and shampoos. 6. Value for moneyEver since the global recession of 1991-94, which hit consumer spending hard, value-for-money has become the buzzword for FMCG companies globally. These FMCGcompanies embarked upon major restructuring and cost rationalization exercises asbusiness continued to become fiercely competitive. Several packaging innovations werealso resorted to. Ind ia was no different. There was a paradigm shift towards value-for-money products and, to some extent, towards the rural market. What Nirma did all these years suddenly became the buzzword for many FMCG players. Price cuts became inevitable to keep the market share from shrinking. Sometimes, thecuts touched ridiculous levels. Economic recession hit the urban pockets badly and forcedcompanies to train their guns on rural India, which was witnessing a major change in itsaspiration and lifestyles and even had an income that translated into increasing volumes. Indiaââ¬â¢s agrarian economy is fundamentally strong. Rural India accounts for as much as 70per cent of the nationââ¬â¢s population. That means rural India can bring in the much neededvolumes and help FMCG companies to log in volume-driven growth. Companies such asHLL, Colgate and Britannia who already had a strong rural focus, stepped up the gasfurther. You read "Surf Exel" in category "Papers" HLL unleashed its ââ¬Å"Operation Bharatâ⬠. Britannia pushed its Tiger biscuits toevery nook and corner of the country, while Colgate went about wooing the rural massesby offering low-priced products in convenient packaging. Those who could not do it ontheir own went piggyback on somebody else. PG, whose distribution is largely urban,chose to leverage Maricos retail reach. PG and Smith Kline Beecham, nonetheless, are interesting cases. With small productportfolios like theirs, they have been able to achieve what others could not and provedthat what you need is a good product, marketed effectively and sold at the right priceOf late, an interesting trend in the Indian FMCG sector has been brand acquisitions. Thisrepresents a growing awareness among the FMCG players are talking today more andmore of product ââ¬Å"fitsâ⬠while discussing brand acquisitions. It is not just acquiringanything and everything as it was in the pastRural marketing has become the latest marketing mantra of most FMCG majors. True,rural India is vast with unlimited opportunities. All waiting to be tapped by FMCGs. Notsurprising that the Indian FMCG sector is busy putting in place a parallel rural marketingstrategy. Among the FMCG majors, Hindustan Lever, Marico Industries, Colgate-Palmolive and Britannia Industries are only a few of the FMCG majors who have beengung-ho about rural marketing. With reason. Certainly, rural marketing holds the key to success of FMCG companies, which aredesperate to find ways out to gain deeper penetration. Not just the rural population isnumerically large, it is growing richer by the day. Of late, there has been a phenomenalimprovement in rural incomes and rural spending power. ? 7. FMCG sector performance in last decadeThe fmcg sector in India showed a constant decline in the last decade. What started as 20-25% growth rate in year 1994-96, had reached a negative growth rate of -2. 8% in Q1ââ¬â¢04. The FMCG sector is now mockingly called SMCG or slow moving consumer goods. ? 8. Source India Today ââ¬â R K Swamy BBDO Guide to Urban Markets*Soap, Shampoo, Nail Polish, Washing Powder, Footwear, Tea, Coffee, Cigarettes, Electric Bulbs. Rank Towns States Average Monthly Spending on FMCG Products* in Rs. 1 Chandigarh Chandigarh 3,418 2 Greater Maharashtra 2,955 Mumbai 3 Chennai Tamil Nadu 2,886 4 Ahmedabad Gujarat 2,869 5 Vadodara Gujarat 2,816 6 Pune Maharashtra 2,804 7 Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 2,684 8 Ludhiana Punjab 2,674 9 Faridabad Haryana 2,596 10 Hyderabad Andhra 2,533 Pradesh ? 9. The Fabric Care Market In IndiaDetergentsThe Indian fabric wash market consists of synthetic detergents (comprising bars, powderand liquids) and oil-based laundry soaps. The detergent powder market is furthersegmented based on price and form. It is characterised by brands from a plethora ofregional and local players competing with the national marketers primarily in the low-priced and mid-priced segmentsThe synthetic detergent market can be classified into premium (Surf, Ariel), mid-price(Rin, Wheel) and popular segments (Nirma), which account for 15%, 40% and 45% ofthe total market, respectively. The product category is fairly mature and is dominated bytwo players, HLL and Nirma. Nirma created a revolution in the market by pioneering theconcept of low-cost detergents. Currently, the market is highly segmented with thedifferential between the premium and popular segments at almost 7X. GrowthAlthough the per capita consumption of detergents in India (2. 7 kg pa) is comparable tosome countries like Indonesia, China and Thailand (around 2 kg pa), it is lower than inothers such as Malaysia, Philippines (3. 7 kg) and the USA (10 kg). High consumerawareness and penetration levels will enable the market to grow at an average 8-10% perannum with slightly higher growth in the rural areas. Higher penetration stems frompopularity of low-cost detergents. Hence, besides increase in per capita consumption,there is tremendous scope for movement up the value chain. Leading Fabricare Brands Available In IndiaSurf ExcelSurf comes from the stables of Hindustan Lever, the largest player in this market with anoffering at each price point. Surf was the first detergent powder brand to be launched in thecountry. It created the detergent powder category and introduced the concept of bucketwash to housewives hitherto used to washing clothes with laundry soap bars. Surf has, since,become generic to detergent market. Consumers refer to all their powders as Surf, evencompetitive powders are called Surf e. g. Nirma Surf ? 10. Selling over 60,000 tonnes per year, Surf is the market leader in the concentrate andpremium powder price segments Surf has always been the first to recognize and respond totrends. Whether it was through Surf with Easy Wash- a low lather variant, in 1994 or Surfwith Wash Boosters (1995) that provided best clean even in hard water. The brand SurfExcel now has three variants ââ¬â Surf Excel Quickwash, Surf Excel Blue and Surf ExcelAutomatic ââ¬â which address different laundry needs but each offers stain removal as the keybenefit. In 2003, recognising changing consumer purchase patterns, it once again redefined value forthe consumers by introducing the concept of monthly packs. Sensitive to the increasing concerns on environmental pollution and water scarcity problemsacross the country, it brought to the consumer Surf Excel Quickwash. This low lathervariant is the first eco-friendly detergent in the country, as it uses almost half the water otherdetergents require. Surf has innovated beyond the basic product into other aspects of laundry. Understandingthe need for easy-to-store packaging, tubs and jars were introduced. In order to helpconsumers dose correctly for the best possible clean, measuring scoops were built into thepacks. For convenience seekers, washing has been simplified with the ready to dose packs ofSurf Excel Automatic. Consistent innovation addressing ever-evolving consumer needs has earned the brand aplace in the hearts of consumers. Surf was rated in the top Ten Most Trusted brands in TheEconomic Times survey in 2003WheelWheel is Indias number one detergent brand. Launched in 1987, it cleans effectivelywith lesser effort, making a laborious chore like washing light and easy. Moreover,Wheel does not burn hands or harm clothes like some other detergents, which containa high percentage of soda. Ever since its relaunch in 2001, with the new positioning of best clean with less effort,Wheel has been growing strongly. Research showed that consumers seek a solution to heavyduty laundry, like bed sheets and curtains. Developing on this insight, wheel sought to ? 11. liminate the trouble of tough dirt or heavy-duty laundry. Mass market consumers havewelcomed the solution, making it the number one. Nirma ââ¬â a home-grown product that revolutionized the detergent market in India, andsuccessfully challenged large multinational leaders in the process. The Nirma success story isa result of its founder, Dr. Karsanbhai Patels relentless focus on quality, cost and value. Thedistribution model, sustained line extensions and umbrella branding strategies have enhancedthe brands cost leadership. Today, the companys two brands, Nirma and Nima, aredistributed through more thantwo million retail outlets across the country, generating grosssales in excess of Rs. 26,000 million. In the fabric care category, Nirma has three productsfor the lower-end market. The Nirma Yellow Washing Powder is available in pack sizes of30 gms, 200 gms, 500 gms and 1 kg, and is ranked as the largest selling single detergentbrand in the world. Nirma is one of the large st selling single detergent brands in the world. Nirma products aresold through two million retailers and reach 400 million. This brand had been ranked as the ââ¬Å"Most widely distributed detergent powder brand in Indiaâ⬠as per AllIndia Census of Retail Outlets carried out in 435 urban towns by the AIMS (Asian InformationMarketing Social) Research agency [Brand Equity ââ¬â The Economic Times, March 11, 1997]. As perthe ORG-MARG Rural Consumer Panel [December 1998] survey, Nirma brand has been ranked ashighest in terms of penetration in washing powder category [BT Rural Market Watch, Business Today, June22, 1999]. ? 12. World-over Ariel epitomizes ââ¬Ëstain removalââ¬â¢ and removes even the toughest stains in the firstwash. Introduced in India in 1991, Ariel has continuously led other detergents in productinnovation. For example, it pioneered the use of enzyme technology for superior and safestain-removing power, longer-lasting perfume, and the PG proprietary cleaningtechnology, which cleans everyday soil and dirt from garments. Over the years, the brand hasenjoyed endorsement from celebrities such as the former actress and now MP Shabana Azmiand lakhs of other homemakers in India. Tide is the Worldââ¬â¢s Oldest and Most Trusted Billion Dollar Detergent and is the marketleader in 23 Countries around the world. Tide provides outstanding whiteness on whiteclothes and provides excellent everyday cleaning for colored clothes too. Launched in Indiain mid-2000, the brand has gained popularity among Indian housewives, thanks to itssuperior whitening, creative advertising starring Shekhar Suman, and its Value-for-Moneyproposition. Both Tide and Ariel are billion dollar brands in sales for PG globally. Now Large Packs of Tide and Ariel ââ¬â Worldââ¬â¢s Best Detergents at Rs. 3/- and Rs. 50/- only Mumbai, India ââ¬â March 02, 2004 ââ¬â Procter Gamble today announced that it has reduced the prices of Ariel and Tide bags (large packs) by 20-50%, while maintaining the superior quality. The superior quality ? kg pack of Tide now cleans a familyââ¬â¢s one-month laundry in just Rs. 23/-, while a ? kg pack of Ariel cleans a familyââ¬â¢s one-month laundr y in just Rs. 50/-. This significant price reduction will now allow many more Indian consumers to experience the world-class experience of outstanding whiteness from Tide and superior stain-removal from Ariel in every wash. The new prices of Ariel and Tide are as follows: ? 13. Old Price New Price Old Price New Price Pack Size PGs move to slash Ariel Ariel Tide Tide detergent prices is 200gm Rs. 30 Rs. 22 Rs. 20 Rs. 10 ostensibly to get more consumers to 500gm Rs. 70 Rs. 50 Rs. 43 Rs. 23 experience its brands 1kg Rs. 135 Rs. 99 Rs. 85 Rs. 46 but the industry sees it primarily as a 1. 5kg Rs. 180 Rs. 145 N. A* N. A move to wrest the advantage from HLL 2kg N. A N. A Rs. 160 Rs. 88 in a sluggish market. The prices of sachets (20gm) of Ariel and Tide remain unchanged. N. A = Not Available in that size. Six months ago, PG reduced the prices of Ariel and Tide sachets by 50% in order toencourage a larger number of consumers to experience their superior quality. The bettervalue offer on sachets received such an overwhelming, positive response from consumersacross India that PG was encouraged to offer the irresistible value to Ariel and Tide bagusers as well, thereby make the worldââ¬â¢s best detergents acces sible to a larger number ofIndian consumers. PG talked to over 3,000 consumers across the length and breadth of India and observedover 25,000 washing sessions in consumersââ¬â¢ homes. Consumers believed in the superiorquality of Ariel and Tide but indicated ââ¬Ëpricingââ¬â¢ as a constraint in using Ariel and Tide on aregular basis. The drop in prices by the PG has forced HLL to also react in a similar way thus shrinkingthe overall profit margins for the group. While the immediate impact of any price slash isbound to result in more volumes and thereby shares for the companies concerned,improving margins in the business remains doubtful. 14. Company OverviewHindustan Lever Limited (HLL) is Indias largest fast moving consumer goodscompany, with leadership in Home Personal Care Products and Foods Beverages. HLLs brands, spread across 20 distinct consumer categories, touch the lives of two out of 1888 Sunlight soapthree Indians. They endow the company with a scale of combined volumes of about 4 introduced inmillion tonnes and sales of Rs. 10,000 crores. India. The leading business magazine, Forbes Global, has rated Hindustan Lever as the bestconsumer household products company. Far Eastern Economic Review has rated HLL asIndiaââ¬â¢s most respected company. Asiamoney has rated HLL as one of Indiaââ¬â¢s best managedcompanies. Leading national publications, like The Economic Times, Business World, and 1895Business Today have also rated HLL as one of Indiaââ¬â¢s most respected companies and the Lifebuoy soapnumber one in Market Value Added and EVA. launchedHLL is Indias largest marketer of Soaps, Detergents and Home Care products. It has thecountryââ¬â¢s largest Personal Products business, leading in Shampoos, Skin Care Products,Colour Cosmetics and Deodorants. HLL is also the market leader in Tea, ProcessedCoffee, branded Wheat Flour, Tomato Products, and Ice cream, Soups, Jams and 1902Squashes. Pears soap introduced inHLL is also one of the countrys biggest exporters and has been recognized as a Golden IndiaSuper Star Trading House by the Government of India; it is a net foreign exchange earner. HLL is Indias largest exporter of branded fast moving consumer goods. The companysExports portfolio includes HLLs brands of Soaps and Detergents, Personal Products,Home Care Products, Tea and Coffee. HLL is also driving exports in chosen areas whereIndia has a competitive advantage ââ¬â Marine Products, Basmati Rice, Castor Oil and its 1903 Brooke BondDerivatives. It is Indias largest exporter of Marine products, and one of the largest global Red Label teaplayers in castor. launched. Market leading brandsHLLââ¬â¢s brands have become household names. The companyââ¬â¢s strategy is to concentrate itsresources on 35 national power brands, and 10 other brands which are strong in certain 1905regions. The top five brands together account for sales of over Rs. 3000 crores. Each of Lux flakesthese mega brands has a potential scale of Rs. 1000 crores in the foreseeable future. introducedSome of the big brands in Soaps and Detergents are Lifebuoy, Lux, Liril, Hamam,,Pears,Rexona Dove, (all soaps), Surf Excel, Surf, Rin, Wheel (all detergents). HLLalso markets the Vim and Domex range of Home Care Products. 1913In the Personal Products business, HLLs Hair Care franchises are Clinic, Sunsilk and Lux Vim scouringshampoos. In Oral Care, the portfolio comprises Close-up and Pepsodent toothpastes and powdertoothbrushes. In Skin Care, HLL markets Fair Lovely Skin Cream and Lotion, the introduced. largest selling Skin Care Product in India; a brand developed in India, it is now exported toover 30 countries. It has been extended as an Ayurvedic cream, an under-eye cream, soap ? 15. and talc, in line with the strategy to take brands across relevant categories. The other majorSkin Carefranchises are Pondââ¬â¢s, Vaseline, Lakme and Pears. In Colour Cosmetics, HLLmarkets the Lakme and Elle-18 ranges. In Deodorants, the key brands are Rexona, Axe, 1930Denim and Ponds, while the Talc brands are Ponds, Liril, Fair Lovely, Vaseline and Unilever isLifebuoy. Axe and Denim are HLLââ¬â¢s franchises for Menââ¬â¢s toiletries. formed on January 1HLL has recently launched Lever Ayush Ayurvedic Health Personal Care Products. Health Care is among the new businesses HLL has chosen to enter. The product rangecomprises Cough Naashak Syrup, Headache Naashak Roll-on, Dandruff NaashakShampoo, Hair Rakshak Oil and Body Rakshak Soap. The purity of the Ayurvedic 1931ingredients in Lever Ayush is endorsed by the renowned Arya Vaidya Pharmacy (AVP) of HindustanCoimbatore. It is for the first time that rigorous testing procedures of the pharmaceutical Vanaspatiindustry have been applied to Ayurvedic products. That is why the brand seal is ââ¬ËTruth of ManufacturingAyurveda; Proof of Scienceââ¬â¢. Company registered on November 27HLL has started franchised Lakme Beauty Salons, offering standardised services, in linewith the strategy to add a service dimension to relevant brands. The company has set up the Hindustan Lever Network, a direct selling channel, offering 1932the Lever Home range of Laundry and Home Care products and the Aviance Personal Vanaspati manufactureCare range. starts at SewriThe company has also begun an e-tailing service, called Sangam, which can home-deliveron order by phone or through the Net, a diverse range of about 5000 branded andunbranded products. The service is now available in select areas of Mumbai and NaviMumbai, besides Thane. 1939HLL is one of the worldââ¬â¢s largest packet Tea marketers. Its Tea brands ââ¬â Taj Mahal, Red Garden ReachLabel, Taaza, ââ¬â are among the top brands in the country; it also markets Lipton Ice Tea. Factory purchasedHLL and Pepsi have formed an alliance to distribute a full range of tea and coffee and soft outrightbeverages through vending machines; HLL already has a base of around 15000 suchmachines. The coffee business comprises Bru Instant Coffee and Deluxe Green LabelRoast Ground Coffee. The Kissan and Knorr Foods range comprises Spreads Jams, Biscuit Sticks, Soups, 1943 Personal ProductsSquashes, Tomato Ketchup, Sauces, Puree, and Cooking Aids. Popular Foods, like Wheat manufactureFlour and Iodized Edible Salt, under the Knorr Annapurna brand name, have met with begins in India atremarkable success. The range has been expanded with ready-to-eat 10-second chapatis. Garden ReachThe innovative offerings are changing consumer habits into using processed, hygienic, Factoryhealthy and convenient products. The Kwality-Walls Ice Cream range comprises exotic Sundaes, Viennetta Desserts,popular ââ¬ËImpulseââ¬â¢ segment products like Max, Cornetto and Feast, and Cornetto Ripple 1947Softies. Ponds Cold Cream launched. Max was extended in 2001 as sugar confectioneries, because children are a key consumersegment in confectioneries too. This is among the new businesses HLL has chosen toenter. ? 16. HLL has acquired Modern Food Industries (India) Limited, entering the bread market. Modern Foods was the first Public Sector Undertaking to be disinvested. Besides 1959 Surf launched. upgrading the existing Modern products, HLL has launched new products, among thembiscuits. HLL is liberating its brands from their existing category mindset. Historically, brandsoriginated and stayed within a category format. HLL sees its Power Brands as being able tooccupy a unique position in the consumers mind and therefore being able to stretch intoother product formats and categories. All such initiatives have had a promising start, and 1964there are more to come. Etah dairy set up, Anik ghee launched; Animal feeds plant atThe Distribution network Ghaziabad; Sunsilk shampooHLLââ¬â¢s distribution network is recognised as one of its key strengths ââ¬â that which helps launched. each out its products across the length and breadth of this vast country. The need for astrong distribution network is imperative, since HLLââ¬â¢s corporate purpose is ââ¬Å"to meet theeveryday needs of people everywhere. â⬠HLLs products, manufactured across the country, the operations involve over 2,000 1969 Rin bar launchedsuppliers and associates. HLLs distribution network, comprising about 7,000redistribution stockiest about one million retai l outlets, directly covers the entire urbanpopulation, and about 250 million rural consumers. In addition to the ongoing commitment to the traditional grocery trade, HLL is building aspecial relationship with the small but fast emerging modern trade. HLLs scale enables itto provide superior customer service including daily servicing, improving their rangeavailability whilst reducing inventories. HLL is using the opportunity of interfacing more 1975 Close-updirectly with consumers in this retail environment through specially designed toothpastecommunication and promotions. This is building traffic into the stores while yielding high launched.. growth for the business. An IT-powered system has been implemented to supply stocks to redistribution stockistson a continuous replenishment basis. The objective is to catalyse HLLââ¬â¢s growth by 1978ensuring that the right product is available at the right place in right quantities, in the most Fair Lovely skin creamcost-effective manner. For this, stockists have been connected with the company through launched.. an Internet-based network, called RSNet, for online interaction on orders, dispatches,information sharing and monitoring. RS Net covers about 80% of the companys turnover. 930 Unilever is formed onHLLs foray into Network Marketing January 1 1988 Launch ofAs per the market surveys conducted it is expected that the consumer market in India is Lipton Taazaworth 13000 crores per year and in few years the network market will capture 500 crores as tea. per market surveys, considering the potential Hindustan Lever has launched HindustanLever Network (HLN), a unique Network Marketing opportunity . ? 1 7. 1991The Network marketing concept Surf Ultra detergent launched. In the normal marketing system, the manufacturer supplies the products through themiddle men such as brokers, wholesalers and retailers. These middle-men add theirestablishment costs and their own margin of profit or commission on the price. Thisincreases the price by approximately 45 per cent. The consumer therefore gets the productat atleast a 45 per cent markup from the manufacturers price. 1993 Tata Oil Mills CompanyIn network marketing, these middle men are eliminated. A person is invited to join and (TOMCO),become a member (also called Consultant) of the network marketing company. This merges with theperson in turn invites many more people to join under him to form a group. These group companymembers, in turn invite their acquaintance to join under them. This group is made tosteadily grow and it can grow into thousands or tens of thousands, in the course of time,depending upon the enthusiasm with which the Consultant pursue the sponsorship of newConsultants. 1994 HLL introducesThese Consultants make purchases of the products of the marketing company for self use Walls. and also for sale to other consumers. For their loyalty in regularly purchasing the products,the marketing co. gives discounts, handsome bonuses, rewards and special incentives. Each consultant in the group gets his shares of benefits depending upon the purchasesmade by him and also by the number of the consultant under him (called downlines). This 1995is called network marketing. HLL enters brandedThe growth in the beginning will be slow, from 1 to 2 to 4â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. but later on it will be rapid, staples1000 to 2000 to 4000â⬠¦.. and so on. Given below are the approx. benefits received, business with saltdepending upon your group strength and on the assumption that each consultant haspurchased goods worth Rs 1,000/- in the month. The benefits will be more for higherpurchases and bigger groups. Group Strength Benefits: 1996 HLL introduces253Nos(1+12+60+180) Rs17,938/- branded atta; Surf Excel launched1531Nos(1+18+216+1296) Rs64,558/-3061Nos(1+36+432+2592) Rs 1,28,818/- 2002 HLL enters Ayurvedic health beauty centre. ? 18. Shakti-Hll Rural ProjectShakti is HLLs rural initiative, which targets smallvillages with population of less than 2000 people or less. It seeks to empower underprivileged rural women byproviding income-generating opportunities, health andhygiene education through the Shakti Vani programme,and creating access to relevant information through theiShakti community portal. Started in 2001, Shakti has already been extended to about50,000 villages in 12 states ââ¬â Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Chattisgarh, UttarPradesh, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and WestBengal. The respective state governments and several Project Shakti ââ¬â By using self-helpNGOs are actively involved in the initiative. Shakti already groups, HLL has pushed its productshas about 13,000 women entrepreneurs in its fold. A typical down into the country. Into villagesShakti entrepreneur earns a sustainable income of about where people cannot spend more thanRs. 00 -Rs. 1,000 per month, which is double their average Rs 20-25 on FMCGs in a monthhousehold income. Project Shakti will expand the distribution cover bottom-up, the rural project will be top-down. Thiswill be a huge competitive advantage for Lever. The costs of expanding into these villages will betoo high for most companies, which do not have a portfolio spanning teas to deterge nts,In recent past Hindustan lever took some major decisions to remodel its business. These decisionshad major impact on the how distribution of lever products is managed in the market. Hindustan lever took the decision to simplify the company it merged all the different business unitsinto two large divisions: home and personal care (HPC) and foods and beverages (FB). This gaveeach division ââ¬Å"The advantage is that these divisions get us enormous scale,â⬠The companydecided to whittle its brands down from 110 to 35, over the next three years. This is known asHLLââ¬â¢s Power Brand strategy. To identify these power brands, managers were asked to consider their growth potential, profitdelivery and the size of the opportunity. And to ensure that Lever would not lose sales, it wasdecided to migrate these brand users to the designated power brands. For one, the drastic slimmingdown of the brand portfolio which threw up huge problems in execution is now over. HLL is already combining its scale advantage to offer retailers a bigger basket of products and betterservice. Instead of different sales teams servicing the same retailer, the company has integrated bothHPC and Foods portfolios for modern trade chains like Margin Free. Once again, its large portfolio ? 19. ange helps Lever to use the power of customer relationships to corner greater shelf space and adisproportionately higher share of the branded segment. Modern trade, it reckons, is already growing at 15-20 per cent and will continue that way for a longtime. By bulking up the businesses, it is possible for Lever to service these modern trade outlets on adaily business. As a result, these retailers do not have to maintain high inventory levels. HINDUSTAN LEVER LIMITED ââ¬â BOARD OF DIRECTORSMr. Harish Manwani Non Executive chairmanMr. M. K. Sharma Vice ChairmanMr. Arun Adhikari Managing Director (Home Personal Care)Mr. S. Ravindranathan Managing Director (Foods)Mr. D. Sundaram Finance IT DirectorMr. A. Narayan DirectorMr. V. Narayan DirectorMr. D. S. Parekh DirectorMr. C. K. Prahlad Director ? 20. The CompetitorsThe Indian FMCG markets have witnessed some of the classic struggles involving HLL. Sofar Levers have been able to stand their ground but times are changing. HLLââ¬â¢s response tothe latest challenges is being eagerly studied by the corporate India. In order to gain afoothold in Indian FMCG sector various domestic and MNC companies are using all kind ofschemes to woo customer from HLL. The major competitors of HLL are:Detergents: PG, Nirma, Henkel SpicToothpaste: Colgate-PalmoliveBeverages: Rasna, Coca-Cola (Sun fill)Tea: Tata teaCoffee: NestleIce-creams: AmulShampoo: PG, Garnier Procter GamblePG Home Products Limited is a 100% subsidiary of The Procter Gamble Company,USA. PG Home Products Limited is one of Indias fastest growing Fast Moving ConsumerGoods Companies that has in its portfolio PGs global brands such as Ariel and Tide in theFabric Care segment, and in the Hair Care segment: Head Shoulders ââ¬â worlds largestselling anti-dandruff shampoo; Pantene ââ¬â worlds No. beauty shampoo; and Rejoice ââ¬â AsiasNo. 1 shampoo. Fabric CareProcter Gamble has two of its world-leading detergents ââ¬â Tide and Ariel, in India to caterto the main concerns of the Indian households. In India PG has launched followingbrands: â⬠¢ Ariel Front-O-Mat Ariel 2 Fragrances â⬠¢ Tide Detergent â⬠¢ Tide BarHair CareIn India, PGââ¬â¢s beauty care busin ess comprises of Pantene, the worldââ¬â¢slargest selling shampoo, Head Shoulders, the worldââ¬â¢s No. 1 Anti-dandruffshampoo and Rejoice ââ¬â Asiaââ¬â¢s No. 1 Shampoo. â⬠¢ Pantene Pro V â⬠¢ Head Shoulders â⬠¢ Rejoice ? 1. Baby Care â⬠¢ PampersIn India, PG will continue to be a midget, in turnover terms, when compared to HindustanLever. The two PG subsidiaries in India (PG Hygiene and PG Home Products) todaygenerate a combined turnover of about Rs 1,100 crore, just a tenth of Hindustan Leverssales. PGs distribution network is largely urban and has a reach of 0. 4 m outlets. In 1994, Godrej entered into a strategic alliance with PG for inter alia toilet soap business,under which Godrej used to manufacture soaps, which were marketed by a joint venturecompany. However post marketing alliance with PG, the company lost significant part ofits market share and subsequently the arrangement was discontinued. Godrejââ¬â¢s entiredistribution network was then taken over by PG. THE Procter Gamble -Gillette deal could result in the former getting a significant boostboth to its scale of operations and range of products in the Indian market. That Gillettesportfolio of shaving razors, gels, grooming products and toothbrushes has no overlap withthat of PG in India (shampoos, detergents, feminine hygiene, cold medication) is apositive. The addition of Gillettes businesses could help PG expand its portfolio andacquire a more extensive distribution network; This may strengthen PGs hand in theongoing war for market share with Unilever arms in the Asian markets, particularly withHindustan Lever in India. NirmaNirma is one of the few names ââ¬â which is instantly recognized as a true Indian brand, whichtook on mighty multinationals and rewrote the marketing rules to win the heart of princess,i. e. the consumer. It was way back in ââ¬Ë60s and ââ¬Ë70s, where the domestic detergent market had only premiumsegment, with very few players and was dominated by MNCs. It was 1969, when KarsanbhaiPatel started door-to-door selling of his detergent powder, priced at an astonishing Rs. 3 perkg, when the available cheapest brand in the market was Rs. 13 per kg. In a short span,Nirma created an entirely new market segment in domestic marketplace, which is, eventuallythe largest consumer pocketand quickly emerged as dominating market player. Now, the year 2004 sees Nirmaââ¬â¢s annualsales touch 800,000 tones, making it one of the largest volume sales with a single brandname in the world. Looking at the FMCG synergies, Nirma stepped into toilet soapsrelatively late in 1990 butthis did not deter it to achieve a volume of 100,000 per annum. This makes Nirma thelargest detergent and the second largest toilet soap brand in India with market share of 38%and 20% respectively. SoapsIn 1992, sensing a strong need to expand the market through PenetrativePricing, Nirma entered this market with the launch of ââ¬ËNirma Bath Soapââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ËNirma Beauty Soapââ¬â¢ . In 1998 Nirma expanded its product line in the soap ? 22. ategory by introducing ââ¬ËNirma Lime Freshââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËNirma Roseââ¬â¢. This brand had carved a nichein its segment by achieving leadership position just within two months of its launch. It isavailable in 100g and 150g pack sizes. Nirma entered the premium soap segment when itlaunched ââ¬ËNirma Sandalââ¬â¢DetergentsNirma launched ââ¬Å"Nirma Washing Powderâ⬠in Indian market in year 1969, This productwas priced at almost one third to that of the competitor brands, resulting into instant trial bythe consumers. Presently Nirma has different variants in Indian market. Nirma washing powderNirma superNirma popularEdible SaltNirma has also entered the Food market in the recent past with launch of Nirma Shudh. ? 23. FINANCIAL ANALYSISRatio Analysis ? 24. All figures in Rs cr Particulars Dec 2001 Dec 2002 Dec 2003 Dec 2004 Sales 12420. 71 10641. 15 11919. 04 11594. 65 Total assets 7089. 06 7761. 01 8104. 68 7820. 34 Net worth 3170. 86 3713. 91 2189. 22 2148. 67 Borrowings 102. 55 86. 23 1715. 18 1604. 25 Capital Employed 3273. 41 3800 3904 3752 Debtors 1254. 38 1169. 49 1228. 55 793. 56 PAT 1576. 47 1757. 59 1687. 3 1208. 4 PBDIT 2211. 63 2461. 31 2462. 92 1875. 63 Depreciation 202. 63 192. 65 199. 99 195. 68 PBIT 2009 2269 2262. 9 1680Current liabilities Provisions 3709. 17 3841. 92 4084. 71 3919. 71 Current assets 3505 3510 3610 3132 Current assets -Inventories 2201 2146 2120 1574 Long term Debt 102. 55 86. 23 1715. 18 1604. 25 Interest 12. 31 12. 86 69. 12 136. 25 Total Purchases 6077. 97 5389. 04 5438 5413. 77 Profitability Ratios Operating Profit Margin (%) 16. 17 21. 30 19 14. 5 Net Profit Margin Ratio (%) 12. 68 16. 51 14. 15 10. 42 ROTA (%) 28. 3 29. 23 27. 92 21. 5 ROCE 61. 37 59. 72 58 44. 77 Return on Equity (%) 49. 71 47. 3 77 56. 23 Liquidity Ratios Current ratio 0. 944 0. 91 0. 88 0. 79 Quick Ratio 0. 59 0. 55 0. 52 0. 40 Absolute Cash Ratio 0. 25 0. 254 0. 218 0. 20 Solvency Ratios Debt Equity Ratio . 032 0. 023 0. 78 0. 75 Interest Coverage Ratio 163. 2 176 32. 74 12. 33 Efficiency Ratios Debtor Days 38. 85 40. 11 37. 62 25 Creditor days 135. 31 149. 2 131. 62 145. 23 Total assets turnover ratio 1. 75 1. 37 1. 47 1. 48 ? 25. Interpretation: â⬠¢ Profitability Ratios:HLL earns 14. paisa on every Re. 1 of Sale before Interest and Taxes It ultimately makes 10. 42paisa on every Re. 1 of Sale after Interest and Taxes. It is visible that Hindustan Lever Ltd. has not been able to increase its Operating Profit marginconstantly over the years. We can see that the operating margin has decreased considerable in thelast y ear. This is mainly due to the fact that the interest cost of HLL has almost doubled from 69. 12crores to 136. 25 crores. Moreover the companyââ¬â¢s operating expenses have increased by almost 75% in the year 2004. The efficiency has certainly decreased over the last few years mainly owing tohigh operating expenses , increased interest burden and high indirect taxes. The Net Profit Marginhas also decreased by 17. 8 % in 2004 as compared to 2001. This is mainly due to the decrease insales by Rs. 826 cr. HLL generates 21. 5% Return on Total Assets (ROTA) that it employs in its operations in theyear ended 2004. ROTA has decreased in the last year mainly due to the fact that its profit marginhas decreased. It could be ecause of high competition as a result of which profits have decreasedand the total assets of the company have increased. As we can see that the Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) for Hindustan lever Limited hasdecreased considerably during the last year mainly due to lower profit margins. The company isearning a return of 44. 77% on the funds employed by it. Though the ROCE has seen aconsiderable change, even now the company is getting good enough returns and can pay goodenough divide nds to the shareholders as we saw the case in the year 2004 where the rate ofdividend was 250%. The Return on Equity Ratio (ROE) states how much profit a company earned in comparisonto total amount of shareholders equity on the balance sheet of the company. Here, we see that theROE of HLL has increased in comparison to the year 2001 but this cant be concluded as afavourable situation for the company as looking at the figures in detail we can notice that there hasbeen a near to 30% decrease in ROE in comparison to the year 2003 , also we do see that the PATof the company has fallen by about 23% and the shareholders equity has also decreased by 32% incomparison to the year 2004. But Even now an ROE of about 56. 3% is considered to be verygood. â⬠¢ Liquidity Ratios:It can be seen from the above table that the Current Ratio for all the years is less than 1. Thissignifies that HLL has short term liabilities greater than the short term assets. It implies that thecompany would have problems in managing its short term liabilities and liquidity requirements. The company might have t o resort to financing its short term liquidity requirements by long termsources of finance. We can observe that the current assets have decreased by 13 % and at the same time the currentliabilities have decreased by just 4 % in the last year. The reason is that since the company is ? 26. using long term sources of finance to fund its short term obligations therefore the interest burdenhas increased and as a result the cash balance has decreased . Other receivables have also decreasedby more than 66% leading to a fall in current assets. â⬠¢ Solvency Ratios:The company was highly unleveraged in the years 2001 and 2002. It was risky as the company hadinvested a huge amount of its own funds as compared to debt. However in the last 2 years thecompany has changed its policy and is leveraging the advantage of debt along with equity. Thoughthe debt equity ratio of 0. 75 is not good enough as compared to industry norms of 2:1 but thecompany is moving towards a favourable debt equity mix. It has realized the importance of tradingon equity . The Company has increased its debt burden by 1470% in the last 4 yearsInterest Coverage Ratio(ICR) basically signifies the ability of a firm to service its interest burdenthrough the profits generated . In the initial years when the firm had not employed debt its interestburden was very low. As a result the Interest Coverage ratio is very high, gradually the companyhas employed more debt and as a result of which the interest burden has increased significantly. Moreover, due to high competition and operating inefficiency the earnings of the company havedeclined. As a result the ICR has reduced from 163. 2 to 12. 33 in the last 4 years. However an ICRof 12. 33 is still very impressive which reflects the companyââ¬â¢s ability to pay interests on loanseasily. This is a good indicator to the various financial institutions providing long term sources offinance to HLL. Efficiency Ratios:Here, we see that the Debtors Days for the company is less than the Creditor Days of thecompany. From this we can interpret that the company has a favorable cash position as it is makingits payments long after receiving the dues from the debtors. Here, from the Asset Turnover Ratiowe can know how efficiently the firm is using its assets, the ratio for which is pretty low for thecompany. The C reditor Days as well as Debtor Days both show negative growth which reflectsnegatively on the companyââ¬â¢s financials. The Asset Turnover Ratio also shows negative growthwhich is also not a good sign for the company. Thus, looking into these figures we can analyze thatthe efficiency level of the company has gone down vis-a-vis the previous years and hence thecompany needs to look urgently into these matters so as to improve the efficiency of the company. O DU-PONT RATIO ANALYSIS:The Du Pont ratio analysis is a combination of financial ratios in a series in order to assess theinvestment returns of the company. It combines the financial ratios of both the Income Statementas well as the Balance Sheet in order to assess either the Return on Equity or the Return onInvestment. One of the Plus points of this method is that it provides a clear understanding of howthe company generates its return. This analysis provides an insight into the importance of assetturnover as well as sales to overall return. This formula shows the relationship of profit margin andturnover how these two complement each other. ? 27. The Du Pont ratio divides the Return on equity into three parts: Net Profit Margin, total assetturnover, and the companyââ¬â¢s use of leverage referred to as Equity Multiplier also. DU-PONT CHART FOR HLL FOR THE YEAR 2004 RETURN ON EQUITY =PAT/NETWORTH 56. 3% Equity NET PROFIT TOTAL ASSET Multiplier MARGIN TURNOVER =TA/NW =PAT/NETSALES =SALES/TA =10. 42% =1. 48 =3. 64% RETURN ON ASSETS ROA=PAT/TA =15. 44%Growth Trends Over The Years Particulars Dec-01 Dec-02 Dec-03 Dec-04 ? 28. Sales 12420. 71 10641. 15 11919. 04 11594. 65Expenditure 10627 8690 9941 10076Change InSales (%) ââ¬â -14. 33 12 -2. 7Change InExpenditure(%) ââ¬â -18. 22 14. 39 1. 35Ch ange inPBIT (%) ââ¬â 12. 94 -0. 26 -25. 75Change inPAT (%) ââ¬â 11. 48 -3. 99 -28. 38Change inBorrowings(%) ââ¬â -15. 91 1889 6. 46Change InInterest (%) ââ¬â 4. 46 437. 48 97. 12 ? 29. COMMON MARKETING MIX FOR ALL MARKETS 1. Product consists of brand, quality, appearance, 2. Price Structure consists of prices, dealers and consumers discounts. 3. Promotional activities consist of advertising, media. 4. Placement (distribution) system consists of dealers, distributors, retailers and overall logistics. MARKETING MIX FOR RURAL MARKET 1. Product 2. Price 3. Promotion 4. Placement system 5. Packaging-Reason for putting it separately is because symbols and packaging becomes very important when literacy levels are very low. 6. Retailer is the one who gives all information about brand choice and consumer feedback. 7. Education is very important for rural sector-eg. Project Shakti 8. Empowerment Example-Project Shakti and Self Help Groups. PRODUCTSurf derives its name from ââ¬ËSurfactantââ¬â¢ the basic ingredient of a detergent. After 44 years, Surf brand has been upgraded and made more modern and contemporary. Surf has changed ââ¬â the entire brand is now called ââ¬Å"Surf Excelâ⬠. Continuousimprovements in the formulation of the product and introduction of new ingredients e. g. enzymes, along with new perfumes have ensured that the product meets the evolvingconsumer needs. The brand Surf Excel now has three variants ââ¬â Surf Excel Quickwash, ? 0. Surf Excel Blue and Surf Excel Automatic ââ¬â which address different laundry needs buteach offers stain removal as the key benefit. Surf Excel Blue Target segment: Economic segment. Attributes:-Removes stains without fading colours. Sizes avalaible: 25gm, 200gm, 500gm, 750gm, 1. 5kg, 3kgSurf Excel Quickwash (also called as Surf Excel Easy wash)(Hitherto known as just Surf Excel) Target segment: Superior quality for washing machine users. Sizes available:- 20gm, 20gm, 500gm, 1kg, 1. 5kg Attributes:-Stain removalSurf Excel Automatic Target segment:-Washing machine owners ââ¬âTop and front loading machines . Sizes available:- 600gm, 1kg Attributes: Low lather detergent, anti corrosive, stain removal, ensures longer life of fabric. PRICELatest price war between detergent majors, Hindustan Lever (HLL), Proctor and GambleIndia (PG), Nirma and Henkel-Spic India (HSIL) has proved that price in the marketingmix is very critical for growth of HLL products. If Surf excel prices were reduced to match the price cuts of their competitor (PG),simultaneously they had to ramp up spending on advertising and promotions to increaseconsumption and penetration in the market and retain values of premium brand ? 1. PROMOTIONSSurf communication has been pleasant, soothing and gentle, Surf Excel has had adistinctively bold ââ¬Ëtongue in cheekââ¬â¢ style of communication. Promotions for Surf Excelare more often than not tactical weapons. Gift is offered to the consumer to gain short-term patronage or to engineer enhanced consumption. Choice of various promotionalgifts is usually governed by what can be bo ught cheap rather than any brand-relatedfactors. Surf Excel has always been sensitive enough to recognise the change in the consumerchoice dynamics. In some of their promotions, they have pampered influencersconsidering that brand choice in family products is a collective exercise. Various promotions being used for Surf are: â⬠¢ Scholarship offer ââ¬âRs five lakh scholarship. Extremely rare and intelligent use of the marketing budget. Beauty of this promotion is in its design. An innovative and clever way of underscoringthe core promise of Surf Excel ââ¬â stain removal!! Visual depiction in the ad is student-focussed ââ¬â there are no mothers or daughters to be seen in the ad. Most of the people inthe ad are in their teens. The protagonist himself is barely in his teens. This can be anindication towards changing consumer algorithm. This was backed by Win with Stains campaign ââ¬â one of the largest campaigns taken upby Surf excel. This promotion is happening in Orissa markets which is aimed at offering consumers achance to win prizes as well as give students an opportunity to pursue further studies. Theaim of the whole campaign is to drive home the point that stains are good in life and oneis not to be scared to get themselves dirty. They are not only doing road shows,advertisements but branded horoscope columns in keeping with the theme of luck andfortune. They have roped in former South African cricketer Jonty Rhodes to participate in theWin with stains washathon to wash the largest stain in town with kids of the NGO -Magic Bus â⬠¢ 1 bucket free with 3kg of Surf Excel has really managed to increase sales revenue of Surf excel. This is the most successful consumer promotion till date in Orissa market. â⬠¢ Surf KidStains ââ¬â a roadshow that invites consumers to get first-hand experience of using Surf. Surf has taken communication beyond mass media advertising and involved consumersin the brandââ¬â¢s promise in the real world. It has touched consumerââ¬â¢s life through schoolcontact and in-store programmes. Road shows have helped to go to the consumers anddemonstrate superior performance vis-a-vis competition. ? 32. PLACEMENT SYSTEMIn Orissa, HLL has around 100 dealers and distributors. But HLL is into the exercise ofreducing number of channels in Orissa by increasing territory size of each dealer. HLL Distribution in Rural MarketsHLL has come up with new distribution channels to cater to rural markets. For long-term benefits, HLL has mounted an initiative, Project Streamline, to furtherincrease its rural reach with the help of rural sub-stockists. It has already appointed 6000such sub-stockists. As a result, the distribution network directly covers about 50,000villages, reaching about 250 million consumers. The pivot of Streamline is the RuralDistributor (RD), who has 15-20 rural sub-stockists attached to him. Each of these sub-stockists is located in a rural market. The sub-stockists then performs the role of drivingdistribution in neighboring villages using unconventional means of transport such astractor, bullock cart,etc. The Streamline system has extended direct HLL reach in these markets to about 37% ofIndias rural population from 25% in 1995 and the number of HLL brands and SKUsstocked by village retailers has gone up significantly. ? 33. PACKAGINGPackaging plays a key role in rural markets. Since customers are daily wage earners andthey donââ¬â¢t have monthly incomes like the urban consumers have, so Surf excel ispackaged in smaller sizes of 20gm so that they can afford given their kind of incomestreams. EDUCATIONSince vast majority of rural India lacks even basic education levels and modern outlook,HLL is training their new sellers to basic education levels. This is example of ProjectShakti which is explained in detail later. EMPOWERMENTHLL runs the program of Self-Help Groups (SHG), which operate like direct-to-homedistributors. The mo del consists of groups of (15-20) villagers below the poverty line(Rs. 750 per month) taking micro-credit from banks, and using that to buy HLL products,which they will then directly sell to consumersPrices of products 20gm 25gm 200gm 500gm 600gm 750gm 1kg 1. 5kg 3 kgSurf Quickwash 2 NA 23 53 NA NA 103 153 NASurf Automatic NA NA NA NA 90 NA 145 NA NASurf Blue NA 2 16 40 NA 53 NA 103 220 ? 34. Range of productsIf we divide detergent industry into three tiers ââ¬â â⬠¢ Premium at Rs. 80-140 per kg â⬠¢ Mid-price at Rs. 30-50 per kg â⬠¢ Popular at Rs. 15-25 per kgPopular segment accounts for 80% of the detergent industry. HLL leads in detergent powders withPremium ââ¬â Surf ExcelMid price ââ¬â SunlightPopular ââ¬â Rin, WheelDealers and distributorsRetail Distributor MarginsExample of various distributor discounts on sale of these variants. Sale of 200gm Surf Excel Dealer Discount of 8%Sale of 20 gm Surf Excel Dealer Discount of 12%Wholesale Distributor MarginsThey get a standard discount of 1. % on sale of any variantStrategies in Orissa market 1. Shakti ProgramWith a twin objective of creating ââ¬Å"income-generating capabilitiesâ⬠for underprivilegedrural women and ââ¬Å"improving their rural living standardâ⬠through health and hygieneawareness, the Project Shakti is implemented in Orissa. Housewives and old ladies are targeted for th is project. They are trained and given basiceducation to sell products. All products which are priced below Rs 5 are sold through thisproject. The sellers which are all ladies are paid margins of 3% on their sale of products. Now out of a total of 15,454 Shakti Entrepreneurs across India, Orissa hasover 928 (6%)Shakti Entrepreneurs spread across 22 districts. They are operating through Self Help Groups (SHGs) which is makes women direct-to-home distributors of HLL. Partnerships with several NCOs and support from stategovernments have been key enablers for the programme. Currently women entrepenuersare earning an average income of Rs. 7007- per month, doubling their household income. For the SHG women, it provides a stable, sustainable source of income. For villagers, thischannel has become a source of genuine and correctly priced products. ? 35. SALES TREND IN BHUBANESHWARBig Bazaar ,BhubaneshwarSales figures of Surf excel and is competitors Surf Ariel TideJuly sales 1,21,000 26,246 71,672July sold quantity 1787 pieces 341 pieces 1996 pieces ? 36. MARKET SHARE OF SURF Bhubaneswar, 20% Orissa, 35% Surf Excel Surf Blue Orissa, 65% Bhubaneswar, 80%SALE OF SURF EXCEL ON BASIS OF DIFERENT SIZES 10% 25% 20gm 200gm 500gm others(1kg,1. 5kg) 15%50%SALE OF SURF BLUE ON BASIS OF DIFERENT SIZES 7% 13% 20% 500gm 750gm5% 1kg 3kg 55% others(25gm,200gm) ? 37. PERCENTAGE SHARE OF SURF IN PREMIUM DETERGENTSMARKET 25% Surf Excel Ariel 75%SALE OF SURF EXCEL ON BASIS OF SEASONSCustomers reduce their washing frequency in rains, so the sales are drastically affected. Sale of detergents is strongly affected by seasonal changes as shown in the chart below. 12% 18% Summers Winters Rains 70% ? 38. COMPETITOR ANALYSIS. In this section we compare HLL with its competitors, viz. Proctor and Gamble (Ariel, Tide) and Nirma Ltd (Nirma washing powder). We now compare these products and the companies on the various counts. Market Share: The per capita consumption of detergents in India is 2. kg per annum. The synthetic detergent market can be classified into three main categories ââ¬â Premium (Surf and Ariel) ââ¬â 15% of total market Mid price (Rin and Wheel) ââ¬â 40% of total market Popular (Nirma) ââ¬â 45% of total market. Product Comparison: HLL (market share ââ¬â 40%, including all 3 segments) manufactures Surf Excel in three avatars, Surf Excel Blue, Surf Excel Automatic and Surf Excel Quick wash. The USP of Surf Excel is that it reduces soaking time and water usage by 50%. It also contains a lesser amount of bleach than Ariel or Tide. PG (market share ââ¬â 12%, including all 3 segments) produces both Ariel and Tide. Ariel is produced in three types, Ariel Front-o-mat, Ariel Spring Clean and Ariel Fresh Clean. The USP here would be removal of tough stains while taking care of cloth quality and imparting a fresh fragrance to it. Tide detergent improves washing experience while imparting a lingering lemon fragrance to clothes. Nirma (market share ââ¬â 30% of popular segment) comes in three variants, Nirma washing powder, Super Nirma washing powder and Nirma popular washing powder. Its USP would be low prices and the value for money it gives to the customer. Pricing Comparison: We now compare the prices for these brands. The price of each product and its variant is shown in the table b 20gm 200gm 500gm 600gm 750gm 1kg 1. 5kg 2kg 3 kg 4kg (30sachets)Surf Quick wash 2 23 53 NA NA 103 153 NA NA NASurf Automatic NA NA NA 90 NA 145 NA NA NA NASurf Blue NA 16 40 NA 53 NA 102 NA 220 NAAriel 2 22 50 NA NA 99 145 NA NA NATide 1 10 23 NA NA 46 NA 88 NA 186 ? 39. Place comparison:HLLââ¬â¢s distribution system is one of its key strengths. The delivers its finished productsto various Carrying and Forwarding Agents, via whom the goods reach differentwholesalers. From here the goods are delivered to either rural or urban retailers, viawhom they reach the consumers. HLLs scale enables it to provide superior customer service including daily servicing,improving their range availability whilst reducing inventories. An IT-powered system hasbeen implemented to supply stocks to redistribution stockists on a continuousreplenishment basis. The objective is to catalyze HLLââ¬â¢s growth by ensuring that the rightproduct is available at the right place in right quantities, in the most cost-effectivemanner. For this, stockists have been connected with the company through an Internet-based network, called RSNet, for online interaction. As far as distribution to rural areas is concerned, they use a process called ProjectStreamline, wherein there exist networks of rural sub-stockists, who operate in the ruralareas itself. 20-30 sub-stockists come under a rural distributor (RD). The sub-stockists arethen responsible for distributing the products in rural areas. Nirma Limited markets its products through its fully owned subsidiary Nirma ConsumerCare Limited (NCCL), which was incepted in 1985. NCCL then resells the productsthrough ââ¬ËNirmaââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËNimaââ¬â¢. Nirma pioneered the concept of flat distribution network. Nirma Consumer Care Limited operates with two parallel distribution networks. TheNIRMA brand is marketed through the first network, which consists of about 450exclusive distributors. It is one of the lowest cost FMCG distribution channels of thecountry. The principle channel for Nirmaââ¬â¢s Products is the lowest cost system in Indiawith in built flexibility and speedy distribution. All NIRMA and NIMA range of productshave a retail reach of over two million retail outlets and more than 40 million loyalconsumers spread all over the country. The Company has been successful in establishingan extremely good urban as well as rural presence through the two distribution channels. The distribution channels have played a significant role in making Nirma a householdname. The efficient network has made Nirma Washing Powder the brand with highestpenetration in its product category. The network is well equipped to meet the demands ofthe loyal consumers of the Company across the country. ? 40. Promotion comparison:HLL. Advertising. Surf excel, synonymous with the catch line, ââ¬ËSurf Excel hai naa! ââ¬â¢ was the first nationaldetergent brand on television. It has indulged in numerous advertisement campaignswhich have gained a lot of popularity. Surf Excel and Lalitaji ad also was in news for a long time. Slice of life situations havegenerated high levels of interest in the communication. Using consumer speak in the formof testimonials has helped in building credibility in the brand. ââ¬Å"She was a hard-headed bargain-hunting housewife who demanded value for money andnot just cheap price. Consumers faith in Surf was restored, and not just because sheoffered a rational argument. The real reason Lalitaji was believed was because she wastrusted y the Indian housewife to get her a good bargain. We showed her bargainingwith the vegetable vendor about good tomatoes and bad tomatoes â⬠¦ `Sasti cheez orachchi cheez me farak hota hai, bhai saab. ââ¬Å"This advertisement reversed a declining brand share trend. The currents advertisement on television shows noted actor and human rights activistShabana Azmi (who did promote Ariel once upon a time), walking with two buckets ofwater and encouraging a crowd of people to do the same. It basically plays on SurfExcelââ¬â¢s strength to perform with lesser amounts of water. It thus underlines th How to cite Surf Exel, Papers judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-3842544982066278422019-12-05T04:54:00.001-08:002019-12-05T04:54:03.633-08:00Jurassic park 2 Essay Example For Students Jurassic park 2 Essay Jurassic Park The novel, Jurassic Park, by Michael Crichton had many rich, and interesting characters. Crichton seemed to be able to make them come alive and jump out of the pages into three-dimensional people. One such character was John Hammond. This man had dreams of greatness. He had extravagant plans and the money to back those plans up. He had always been a child at heart and he was in love with dinosaurs. His company, The Hammond Foundation financed many different digs for paleontologists. When The Hammond Foundation finds amber with a mosquito locked in it, John Hammond realizes that perhaps his dreams of having a dinosaur park are possible. This is because the mosquito locked inside the amber contains the blood of a real dinosaur, complete with DNA. John Hammond has to hire people to do all of the technical stuff, but it is he who envisions the park as a whole. He sees the public paying thousands of dollars to come and see his dinosaurs. He can see the astounded look on peop les faces when they see creatures that have been extinct for millions of years. He can see the happy faces of the children as well as the money he will be making from the operation. John Hammonds fault is that he refuses to believe that anything could go wrong. He has hired the best experts he could find, and he places all of his faith in them. When things do start to go completely awry, Hammond see them only as minor problems; chinks in the system. John Hammond is too caught up with the glamour of the idea of Jurassic Park rather than with the minute details. In fact he refuses to even see the minute details, preferring to leave them to somebody else. He is content with his delusions of grandeur. I felt only mild remorse when he died at the end. It is hard to care about somebody who only cares for himself. Alan Grant was one of the more important characters of the story. He was a paleontologist who was initially hired by The Hammond Foundation to do a written report on the foods th at a baby dinosaur might eat. Grant had no idea why he was being asked to do this, but he agreed to because Hammond was offering an astronomical amount of money for the job. As time went on, John Hammond invited Grant out to see the small Costa Rican island that was named Jurassic Park. By this point, the park was almost finished. Hammond wanted to get the opinion of a real paleontologist. Grant was literally blown away. He could not believe that there were real live specimens of the skeletons that he had been studying all of his life. Alan Grant was the person who made the crucial discovery that the dinosaurs were reproducing on their own. Grant found an egg shell that he immediately recognized as belonging to a velociraptor. At first this event seemed to be impossible because the animals were all hatched in laboratory, and they were all supposed to be female. However, Grant realized that the dinosaur DNA that Henry Wu had been working with had not been all that complete. The missi ng parts had been filled in with frog DNA. Unfortunately Wu failed to realize that frogs sometimes have the ability to switch between being a male and a female. Because of this reason the dinosaurs were able to reproduce. Grant was also an integral character because he was able to survive in the wilds of Jurassic Park and make is way to some form of safety. When all of the power went out, Alan managed to outsmart the incredibly ferocious Tyrannosaurus Rex. Grant was also one of the few brave enough to go down into a velociraptor nest and count to find out how many unknown babies there had been. Grant is also special in that he was one of the few people to make it off that small Costa Rican island alive. Ellie Satler was a graduate student under Alan Grant. Her specialty is paleobotany. She travels to Jurassic Park along with Grant. She is extremely bright, and she knows volumes about prehistoric plants. She was the one who recognized that the authentic ferns that were planted throug hout the park were extremely toxic to human beings. She also was the one who realized what was causing the stegosauruses so many problems. The problem was that the stones that the stegosauruses swallowed for gizzard stones was surrounded by berries. The animals swallowed these berries and these berries were very toxic to the animals. Another thing that Ellie did was comfort people. She made the kids feel better when they were really upset. She was the person who stayed and took care of Malcolm when the mathematician was really sick. The woman was also very self-sacrificing. She was willing to put herself out as bait to distract the raptors away from Malcolm. The mathematician named Ian Malcolm was also a very important part of this story. He was invited to preview Jurassic Park along with Grant and Ellie. Malcolm is a very interesting character because he predicted the downfall of Jurassic Park right from the very start. Malcolm is a strong believer in something called the chaos the ory. Basically this theory states that in some systems there are minute unpredictabilities that get magnified and cause the system to take a completely different course of action. Malcolm claims that Jurassic Park cannot work because, although it seems to be a simple system, that this simplicity will not last forever. He claims that small unpredictabilities in Jurassic Park will soon magnify, and the entire park will never succeed. Ian Malcolm turns out to be right. This raises an interesting question. If he knew that the park was doomed to fail, then why did he go and put his life on the line? Perhaps Malcolm was not excepted from the desire of every human to see a real live dinosaur. Dr. Henry Wu was the man who was able to create the dinosaurs in the laboratory. This man was the person smart enough to make the dinosaurs. He took genetic information from amber and crushed up fossils and with a lot of experimentation was able to get a DNA strand and clone it to create a dinosaur. D r. Wu is truly a brilliant man. He was smart enough to create safeguards to keep the dinosaurs from escaping. However, he gets so caught up in the excitement of it all, that he makes a few fatal mistakes. Because of his ignorance, the dinosaurs were able to reproduce. Dennis Nedry was also of importance to this story. This is that man who was hired to do all of the computer programming for Jurassic Park. He turns out to be a traitor, however. He shuts down all the power, including the electric fences. He then steals some of the dinosaur embryos to sell to another lab. However, Nedry was pretty stupid. He gets killed because the dinosaurs are out of their fences and a dilphosarus kills him. Nedry was a rotten character and this reader felt little to no remorse when he died. As I mentioned previously, the initial plan seemed pretty amazing. The Hammond Foundation would buy a Costa Rican island, hire the top people in their fields, and build an amusement park with dinosaurs instead of rides. The idea was to create a slice of history that people had never been able to be exposed to before. They had to use some frog DNA to supplement the blood found in the amber, but that was okay. After all, the frog DNA was so similar to the dinosaur DNA, that it really did not matter. Early indications that everything might not be hunky dory could be seen when babies and small children started being killed by small reptile-like animals that nobody had ever heard of before. Soon one of these animals were identified by Grant as a dinosaur. Just the fact hat dinosaurs had escaped from the park was a major indication that something was awry. Also, a few workers were getting mauled to death. This would lead one to believe that perhaps thing were not as under control as Hammond and Wu thought they were. The actual genetics of the project were very interesting. In order to get the DNA to create the dinosaurs, Wu went to two sources. First he tried using ground up fossils. By this only had a twenty percent yield for the DNA that Wu needed. Wu had much better luck using mosquitoes and other biting bugs that had been fossilized in amber. Often times these insects contained the blood of a dinosaur. With this blood, Wu had almost all of the genetic information that he needed in order to create a new dinosaur. In order to finish the job, Wu stuck frog and other amphibian DNA in many places where the strand was incomplete. Then Wu used some of the most powerful computers known to man to identify which genetic code he had. From that point, by replicating the molecule, Wu was able to create a dinosaur. .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a , .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a .postImageUrl , .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a , .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a:hover , .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a:visited , .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a:active { border:0!important; } .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a:active , .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6258a6d746ba9162584147138ca8fc5a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Family Values: Importance Essay judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-6595247414976154742019-11-28T11:07:00.001-08:002019-11-28T11:07:03.782-08:00Murder Research Paper free essay sample The Uniform Crime Report is an annual report that is issued by the Federal Bureau of Investigation that presents data on selected categories of crimes reported by the police. The police always substantiate the data that is presented or captured in the Uniform Crime Report. As such this is a measurable exertion of just about eighteen thousand urban areas, college, school, country, state , and government law authorization offices willfully announcing information on violations drew out into the open. On the violent crimes whose data is captured by the UCR, murder is the among the crimes as well as rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. In New York City, the division of Criminal Justice service is mandated by law with the responsibility to fill in the focal storehouse of wrongdoing and arrest data. This paper seeks to explore the data relating to murder in New York City from the Uniform Crime Report with the emphasis on national and state crime rates, offenders and characteristics, theory and geographical rates. We will write a custom essay sample on Murder Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Under the Uniform Crime Reporting Program, the violent crime murder is expressed as murder and nonnegligent manslaughter which is characterized as the headstrong or nonnegligent executing of one person by another. Grouping of the wrongdoing of murder is reliant on police examination and not through court assurance, restorative inspector, coroner, jury or some other legal body. This Offense classification does not entail the following situations: passing caused by carelessness, suicide, or mishap; reasonable manslaughters; and endeavors to murder or ambush to kill which are scored as exasperated attacks. Murder has been a concern in New York City for years. In an article in the field and stream magazine, E.B. Mann asserts that among the countrys ten largest cities, New York had the eighth lowest murder for every 100,000 residents in 1973(Mann 2006). This occurrence has changed over the years with new trends in the occurrence of murder in New York being realized.The rate of murder in the United States of America has not been consistent over the years with different occurrences from year to year. The historical statistics recorded from year to year show varying patterns in the occurrences of murder in the United states if America. For instance, approximately 14,827 people were murdered in the country. This statistic was a 1.1 percent increase from the murders that were recorded in 2011 but was a 9.9 and 10.3 percent decrease from the statistic in the years 2008 and 2003 respectively (Fernandez-Lanier, 2014). For every 100,000 people 4. 7 murders occurred. A comparison of the murder rate in 2012 and 2011 reveal 0.4 percent increase from 2011 to 2012. The number of murders recorded in the United States in the year 2017, was 17, 250 which was 8.6 percent increase from the approximation in 2015 and 16.1 percentage increase from the statistic in 2012 (Fernandez-Lanier, 2014). The murder rate in New York City decreased by 14. 9 percent from 2016 to 2017 as 101 murders were recorded in 2011 as compared to 86 in the year 2017. Notably, the rates of murder not only in New York City but the United States of America have been decreasing from year to year.Offender Characteristics can be deduced from the Uniform Crime Report expanded homicide data table which reveals data as of 2016. 60.8 percent of the offenders are male with the lesser percent of 7.6 being female. However, 31. 6 percent of the offenders have unknown gender. Black or African American is the race with the highest percentage of offenders at 35.9 percent, while White Offenders constitute 29.5 percent of the total offenders. Most Offenders are in the under 22 age brackets with those under 22 years of age being 2,905 of the population. Most offenders are of the age of 18 years and above with this age bracket representing 10.180 of the total 16,964 murders that were recorded in the year 2016. Of the known age brackets, most offenders seem to be aged between 20 and 24. Notably, a significant number of offenders are aged between 25 and 29.The geographical analysis reveals the statistics of murder in New York State and the different regions within the region. The percentage change in the murders recorded in the States of New York between 2015 and 2016 is an increase of 1.6 percent while that between 2007 and 2016 is a decrease of 22.3 percent. In comparison to rates in New York City, the change in the rates of murder between 2015 and 2016 is a 32. 5 percent decrease (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2017). Other regions other than New York City illustrate a similar trend in the change in the rate of murder crimes over the years. For instance, murders recorded between 2015 and 2016 were 266 and 293 respectively in non- New York City regions (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2017). These statistics represent 10.2 increase. Nonetheless, just as in New York City, other regions in New York State have recorded a decrease in the crime rate with regards to the years 2007 to 2016, a 6.1 percent decrease. Finally, the relationship between the offender and the victim as has been observed in New York State from year to year has been observed to be domestic. Most statistics show that domestic homicides are common in New York State, most of them involving intimate partners while others involving other members of the family. Intimate partners are people in a spousal relationship, ex-spouse, same-sex or heterosexual relationship. The offender and the victim may be living together or not. Family members include children, parents, siblings or any other family relationship. For instance, a research report by Adriana Fernandez-Lanier in October 2014 reveals that in 2013, police in New York State testified to a total of 643 homicide victims in 604 incidents. Victims in 144 homicides (22. 4percent) has a domestic relationship with their offender (Fernandez-Lanier, 2014). As such, it is evident that the most predominant form of relationship between the offender and the victim is mostly in the domestic relationship.Many Theories have developed to explain criminal behaviors. Criminologists have combine the most aspects of sociology, anthropology, psychology and biological theories to advance their understanding of criminal behavior. The Latent trait is a developmental theory which explains violent crime. This trait theory is established early at birth but were gained very early in life and developed into criminal and violent behavior. Many murderers do not target to murder another person but reacts to what triggers their mind. As research shown the idea that a number of people in the population have a personal attribute or propensity that controls their inclination to commit criminal acts (David Rowe, D. Wayne Osgood and W. Alan Nicewander) The latent trait theory can remain over time in the individual. Mark Colvin stated that you must have enough self-control to avoid being coerced. Those who carry one of the latent traits are in danger of becoming career criminals; those who lack the propensity to commit have a much lower risk. To reduce the crime society must enhance legitimate social support and reduce the forces of coercion. Victims of violent crime and their families have often experience distress. People learn the technique and attitudes of crime from close relationships with criminal peers. Violent crime is often the result of impulsive actions. Everyone has the potential to become a criminal, but most people are controlled by their bonds with society.ReferencesBIBLIOGRAPHY judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-10175206465480598482019-11-24T18:41:00.001-08:002019-11-24T18:41:04.089-08:00Background of Saudi Aramco EssaysBackground of Saudi Aramco Essays Background of Saudi Aramco Essay Background of Saudi Aramco Essay The story of Aramcoââ¬â¢s beginnings and the journey the company has taken to become the largest oil company in the world is as remarkable as the journey that has brought Saudi Arabia to its current standing in the community of nations. Aramco is a company characterized by resilience and the courage to take bold steps that have made it a key player in global energy security (Saudi Aramco 2012). The journey of the company is tied to the transformation the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has undergone to become a modern-nation state and a key player in the geopolitical sphere of not only the Arab world but also globally. Having began as merely an oil producing companies that was no different from other companies in the industry at the time, Aramco has steadily grown to become the fully integrated global energy enterprise that it is today with partnerships spreading to various parts of the world including Asia, Europe and North America (Saudi Aramco 2012). Aramcoââ¬â¢s journey began with the signing of an oil concession agreement with the Standard Oil Company of California on May 29, 1933 which paved way for the beginning of aerial surveys the following year. In 1935, the first oil well was drilled and a new pier was erected at al-Khobar at a time when more proven oil finds were located in Bahrain, Iraq and Persia. In 1936, the Texas Co. made a 50% acquisition of the concession and launched operations in Bahrain. By 1939, various wells had been drilled and for the first time, an oil tanker transported the first load of petroleum from Saudi Arabia. Aramco was officially on its way to becoming the corporation it is today (Saudi Aramco 2012). By the beginning of the 1940s, the company was producing about 15,000 bpd and its workforce had grown to nearly 4,000. 1940 began with the discovery of the Abqaiq oil field but during the early years of the 1940s, the company faced some difficulties including the closure of its refinery at Ras Tanura in 1941 and suspension of field mapping in 1942. 1943 witnessed growth of innovation in the oil and gas industry due to the shortages occasioned by the World War II and Casoc was renamed Aramco in 1944 with headquarters in San Francisco and an amazing journey of remarkable growth began. As of 1949, Aramco had increased its productivity to 500,000 bpd. In 1946, the company commissioned its administration building in Dhahran and the decade ended with the completion of the Trans-Arabian Pipeline enabling Saudi Arabia to export its oil through the Mediterranean Sea (Saudi Aramco 2012). In 1951, the Safaniya offshore oil field was discovered and the following year, Aramco moved its headquarters to Dhahran. In 1954, the companyââ¬â¢s production reached 1 million bpd transforming Aramco into an oil production powerhouse (Saudi Aramco 2012). Exploration work at Rubââ¬â¢ al-Khali began in 1955 and by 1958; the companyââ¬â¢s production had topped 1 million bpd. The close of the 1950ââ¬â¢s saw two Saudi nationals joining Aramco board as more Saudis assumed managerial positions within the company. In 1961, the company hit yet another milestone when it exported liquefied gas from its Ras Tanura facility for the first time. By 1962, production of crude oil had hit the 5 billion barrels mark and the following year, the company patented its oil sweetening technology. In 1965, Aramcoââ¬â¢s oil production reached 2 million bpd and the discovery of the Shaybah oil field further boosted the companyââ¬â¢s productivity. The company closed the decade with the commissioning of an offshore gas-oil separation plant at the Safaniya oil field, the first of its kind in the history of Aramco (Saudi Aramco 2012). Photo 2: Aramcoââ¬â¢s first offshore gas-oil separation plant at the Safaniya oil field commisioned in 1969 [Source: Aramco] During the 1970s, the Saudi Government began the acquisition process aimed at changing Aramco into a fully government owned company or a national oil corporation (NOC). It is a decade that would witness rapid growth in the oil and gas industry as Aramco was operating three of the largest oil and gas projects in the world (Saudi Aramco 2012). The company had officially taken the lead in oil and gas production and taken its rightful place in the global energy security landscape. In 1973, the Government acquired a 25% stake in Aramco followed by a further acquisition of 35% in 1974 bringing the Governmentââ¬â¢s ownership of the Aramco to 60%. The same year, the Juââ¬â¢aymah offshore crude oil terminal was commisioned and in 1976, Aramco became the first oil company in the world to reach an output of 3 billion barrels in one year, a fete that had not been achived by any other company (Saudi Aramco 2012). In 1980, the Saudi Government completed acquisition of the remaining 40% ownership of Aramco but the decline in oil prices would force the company to rethinkk its strategy (Saudi Aramco 2012). By this time, the governemt owned 100% stake at Aramco and despite the hardships in the global oil market, Aramco made significant strides. For example, the Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Center (EXPEC) was opened in 1983. Having fully acquired the company, the Saudi Government transformed Aramco into Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco) and in 1989, the company found oil at Hawtah marking the beginning of a decade that would witness massive invention and investment in the oil and gas industry (Saudi Aramco 2012). Picture 3: Aramcoââ¬â¢s Operations Coordination Center, the largest of its kind in the Oil and Gas industry [Source: Aramco] Aramco began its expansion strategy in earnest with the 1991 acquisition of a 35% stake in S-oil refinery and harbor, Onsan, Republic of Korea (Saudi Aramco 2012). The following year, the companyââ¬â¢s exploration efforts yielded discovery of oil in the central part of the country having drilled its first well at Midyan. In 1993, Aramcoââ¬â¢s merger with Samarec was completed and the following year, Aramco acquired a 40% stake in Petron, a company based in the Philippines and in 1996, Aramco entered its first European joint venture. In 1999, the company completed the refurbishment of the Ras Tanura refinery before opening a Research Development Center (RDC) to spearhead innovation in the oil and gas sector (Saudi Aramco 2012). Picture 4: Refurbished and upgraded Ras Tanura refinery [Source: Aramco] During the 2000s, Aramco established partnerships with various international companies with focus on gas production as well as patenting of technology developed by the companyââ¬â¢s RDC. On top of this, Aramco embarked on the largest capital expansion in the companyââ¬â¢s history aimed at ensuring stability and reliability. To this end, the company commissioned Hawiyah gas plant in 2001 and in the following year, Aramco acquired Texacoââ¬â¢s stake in Motiva (Saudi Aramco 2012). This was followed by the opening of the Haradh gas plant in 2003 before further expansion plans in 2004 led to rge acquiition of stake in Showa Shell which enabled the company to raise its output by a further 800 thousand bpd. In 2005, Aramco entered into a joint venture with Sumitomo Chemical Company. 2007 saw Aramco enter into yet another equity venture, this time in China with the Fujian Refining and Petrochemical Co. Ltd. In 2008, Aramco celebrated its 75th year in the oil and gas industry and the following year, the company completed its expansion program raising its capacity to 12 million bpd (Saudi Aramco 2012) but with actual production averaging 9. 1 million bpd in 2011. judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-34599088513921847612019-11-21T08:00:00.001-08:002019-11-21T08:00:15.618-08:00Homework Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsHomework - Case Study Example Determination of the cause of an incident is informed by classification of that incident accordingly. Incident reaction ââ¬â An actual incident is respondent to, and it is this response(s) that is associated with incident reaction. Once an actual incident has been identified, all the activities directed to that incident constitute a response that is hereby referred to as the reaction. Incident recovery ââ¬â Recovery is realized after all responsive activities have been executed. It is after containing the incident and successfully regaining systems control that the recovery step begins. This step entails assessing the extent of realized damage, restoring any needed data and/ or services in that line, frequent system examination and monitoring, and getting all stakeholders back in track within the organization. Strategies for containment vary from one organization to another, with the commonly used being disconnection of communication sources, application of filtering rules, and incident monitoring (Socha 203). External attacks are contained through disconnecting communication sources that have been impacted. Doing so safeguards the organization against external networks. Rules used for filtering purposes basically restrain network access based on their respective types. Finally, the incident can be monitored as a specific course of action is being undertaken. These strategies are tailored towards ensuring that the incident is stopped, and that systems control is successfully recovered. The document highlights the process of contingency planning and all the activities involved in ensuring that the panning process is a success. The various types of plans associated with contingency planning for IT systems are presented and their functionality described. It is noted that the planning process is significantly different from the actual plan development. The varying processes and activities that uniquely define the two judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-7129353107850135522019-11-20T10:36:00.001-08:002019-11-20T10:36:07.536-08:00Art Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsArt Theory - Essay Example As such a formidable tool, visual stimuli have played an important role in both publicity and advertising (propaganda), and other forms of public art-different parts of society at different points have created art to send messages, or created art to demonstrate the beauty, the potential, or the ugliness of something. While public art exists in many incarnations, from the seemingly innocuous logo to the graffiti at the bus stop to the almost universally-identifiable swastika or cross, its careful manipulation and is an extraordinarily powerful political and economic tool. The advertising industry has capitalized on art's flexible nature, and makes billions annually off our susceptibility to the visual. Images have a long history of manipulation and an important role in propaganda. From the US Army's famous War Bonds posters of World War II to Maoist propaganda, images have been used for hundreds of years to send powerful political messages to the world's illiterate masses. The media, famous for its use of photography, has successfully changed the course of wars, stirred public opinion, ignited arguments, and evoked sympathy through skillful manipulation of images. The US Army's innovative use of artistic images and paintings raised more than XXX in War Bonds between 194 and 194 One particular poster shows a valiant nurse in a bloodstained uniform cradling a wounded soldier; in the background a fascist monster with cunningly painted green eyes lurks. The monster-in reality, probably a German soldier as young, poorly-educated, and confused as our own-is depicted as subhuman, a creature whose only purpose is to thwart American democracy and to kill our men in uniform. The artist's us e of color, context, and detail carefully and clearly fulfills his social purpose: if the Average American Citizen wants to keep these terrible killers off of our shores, he must purchase War Bonds. The War Bonds posters, thanks to this artist and a handful of others, were extremely successful. JC Lenneydecer, iconic poster illustrator during WWII, used powerful, quotidian images such as the Boy Scout to evoke feelings of patriotism and good (ER1). The images portrayed in these pieces of public art were stimulating, convincing, and terrifyingly real. Likewise, the image of the American icon 'Uncle Sam' grew to represent something much greater than art. Although the government did not formally assimilate the image of Uncle Same until the 1950s, it had already become a pivotal part of the average citizen's conception of the government (Ketchum vii). The personifcation of this figure helped to make him that much more 'real', a presence to which one must respond as if one were responding to one's uncle. Conversely, art provokes understanding of our own surroundings; art assists us with defining our sense of place. The cultural icons with which we surround ourselves are largely artistic, and largely specific to our parts of the world. In the United States we are intimately familiar with a thousand small logos, each of them carefully designed to be both visually appealing and to fulfill a certain purpose. We see this art every day in something as commonplace as a the Greenpeace logo, showing the Tree of Life, or the Nike logo, a constant reminder for one to be all that he can be. We look judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-56077691069669089462019-11-18T03:33:00.001-08:002019-11-18T03:33:02.796-08:00Eye Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsEye - Essay Example The lens is located in the ciliary body, attached to suspensory muscle; it is formed by fine translucent filaments. The vitreous body, the posterior chamber, is a transparent jelly that is somewhat bigger as compared to the aqueous humor; it is positioned at the rear side of lens and is surrounded by the sclera. Glaucoma is an eye infection in which the regular fluid pressure within the eyes increases gradually, causing loss of sight. It is normally treated with eye drops, but surgery is also advised in some cases where drug treatment is not successful. Diabetic retinopathy is a very common diabetic eye disease and the main reason of blindness in grown-ups. Variations in retinaââ¬â¢s blood vessels are the cause of this disease. Generally, treatment usually does not cure diabetic retinopathy; however, strict control of blood sugar will lessen the risk of vision loss (Samii & Jannetta, 2012). Another common visual impairment is myopia, in which the distant objects seem blurred. It can be treated with glasses, contact lenses, or corrective judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-397225275841687438.post-46344868379584060512019-11-15T16:04:00.001-08:002019-11-15T16:04:09.007-08:00Changes And Force Field Analysis Management EssayChanges And Force Field Analysis Management Essay My bank is a medium type bank. A new change was introduced during the years 1990 and 2003. The changes introduced to the bank are as followers. The first one was bottom-up-approach and the second was top-down-approach. Senior executives of the bank convinced that it was the right time to bring the change for the benefaction of the bank. Therefore, they introduced quality improvement program, which could reduce cost, by using the existing staff to improve quality and customer service. They brought consultants from abroad. Top level believed that the middle level could enlighten the bottom level employees. However, both the approaches for implementing change failed. Some employees could not accept the new change; the workload was increased and when the new ideas were introduced to the middle management level, there was no response. The senior management had failed its intensions to mobilize middle management commitment and local staff enthusiasm. Force field analysis provides an initial view of change problems that need to be tackled, by identifying forces for and against change based on an understanding of the context of change including the existing culture (Johnson et al. 2008). The distinctive feature of force-field analysis is that it involves organizing the categories in to two board types; those relating to force or pressure for change and those relating to forces or pressures supporting the status quo and resisting change. Lewin (1951) argue that, level of behaviour in any situation as the result of a force field comprising a balance of the forces pushing for change and the forces resisting change. Force Field Diagram Driver Force Restraining Force Quality Improvement Work -Load Cost Reduction Top Level Management External Environment Staffs Technology Training Consultants Recommendation Present Scenario (Hazyes, 2010:129) cccPKNBKMV There are different key drivers can found in the My bank case study. However, technology is the best key driver in the My bank case. All other key drivers related to the technology. Anderson and Tushman (YEAR) point out that technological change is cyclical. Each technology cycle begins with a technological discontinuity. Cost reduction, quality improvement, external environments connected to the technology. If technology will not change other drivers cannot Change in fast way. Different kinds of restrain factors present in the case study. The top-level management like chef executives were the main reason for the failure of the change. Other staffs did not get any support from the top level. After the change, staffs opinion was slightly rejected by the managements. This is the main reason of the failure of the change. According to Nadler (1995), four types of organisational change are there. An Organisations response change is proactive or reactive way. Tuning and adaptation can involve minor or major changes, they are types of change that occur within the same period, and they are bounded by the existing paradigm. Reorientation and re-creation, on the other hand, are types of change that, to use Gersicks analogy, target the playing field and the rules of the game rather than the way a particular game is played. They involve transforming the organisation and bending or breaking the frame to do things differently or to do different things Tuning is change that occurs when there is no immediate requirement to change. Mybank organisational change is related to this part. Mybank became convinced of the benefits of a quality improvement programme for reducing cost. This approach to change tends to be initiated internally in order to make minor adjustments to maintain alignment between the internal elements of the organisation and between the organisations strategy and external environment. Adaptation is an incremental and adaptive response to a pressing external demand for change. Reorientation involves a redefinition of the enterprise. It is initiated in anticipation of future opportunities or problems. Re-creation is a reactive change involves transforming the organisation through the fast and simultaneous change of all its basic elements. Type of Organisational Change Incremental Transformational Proactive Reactive (Nadler et al. 1995:24). Reorientation Tuning Re-creation Adaptation Answer2: Organisational Change involves complex process. Managing this kind of procedure is entirely difficult because they are dynamic. That means complex processes are changing. In these dynamic situations, it is difficult to predict the consequences of its actions. Managing a set of complex activities, each of which is crucial for the overall success of change. These complex tasks needs to be completed effectively in order to change, involves achieve a successful come. Managing change involves four complex tasks. The four tasks are as follows. They are appreciating change, mobilising support, executing change and building change capability. Leadership Appreciating Mobilising Change Support L Building Change Executing change Capability CHANGE MANAGEMENT MODEL Appreciating Change Appreciating Change can give an idea about understanding the forces of stability and change in the organisation. This requires inquiry into routines and mental models that sustain the status quo. An organisation can be changed mainly in two ways. Those are unplanned change and planned change. The Unplanned change, which typically involves changes due to new ideas, conflict between individuals, departments or teams and political and power struggles inside the organisation. Nadler (1987) argues that political behaviour tend to be more intense in times of change because individuals and groups perceive the possibility of upsetting the exiting balance power. Planned change, the change has to be planned. Mybank case study involved the planned change. The appreciation phases aims to make aware of the (a) need for change, (b) consequences of changing and not changing and (c) options that have for undertaking change in the organisation. In the case study, the organisation recognised the neces sary of the appreciating change and understood if this change will happen in the organisation, can achieve cost reduction in house; using exiting staffs to improve the quality and customer service and bank can avoid the inefficient works. The senior executives of Mybank appreciated the change and convinced the benefits of a quality improvement program. Mobilising Support Participation, involvement, and ownership are the crucial for the effective change. The organisational change is both cultural and political involves change in mindsets. This involves influencing, inducing, negotiating, persuading and winning over people to the idea of change. The effective communication strategies are crucial to change management. Getting consent and mobilising support is not an easy process. It requires persistence and patience. Strategic plan have a very important role in mobilising support. Organisational change is a political process. Pettigrew (1972) argue that some may engage in political action for ideological reasons, especially when they are fear that a change may be inconsistent with their values. According to Jick (1993), there are three categories of people who play a role in any change process. They are change strategists, change implements, and change recipients. Change strategists are the people who decide that the organisation needs change and set a direction for the change support. Mybank case managing director and senior executives are the strategists. They are in the top of the position. But strategists cant implements the change. Change implements are the people who are implementing the change by creating new structures, rules, procedures in all process. These people are the middle people of the management team. Mangers, outside consultants and accounting firm are change implementers in the Mybank Cooperation. Change recipients are the third category and people whose jobs change as a result of changes launched in the organisation. These people are usually lower level in an organisation. However, the main success in their hands. These people can make or break the effo rt. These people at the front line directly dealing with clients and customers. The main success depends upon the consent of the people in the organisation. Mybank employees, general staffs, are the change recipients. In 2003, the senior management had failed in its intentions to mobilize middle management commitment and local staffs enthusiasm. The middle management fully activated, but management follow some autocratic style and management fail to adopt the strategy. Executing Change Executing change involves creating and putting in place new structures, processes or procedures. Execution is, perhaps, the most critical aspect of change. Obviously, if an organisation has not managed the previous two tasks well, its change plan or programme will never take off. However, even if an organisation has carefully thought through its change issues and options and has gathered enough support for change, it can still fail at this critical stage. Three critical tasks for change leaders to ensure focus and energy during execution: (a) creating cross-functional linkages in the organisation; (b) aligning policies, procedures and removing structural impediments to performance and change; and (c) creating new routines for continuous improvements and innovations. According to Nilkant (Year), a successful change effort requires: (a) adequate appreciation planning, (b) sufficient support by employees, (c) competent execution by managers, and (d) Change managers with appropriate skill sets and capabilities. Mybank staffs accepted their new changes. However, it was not successful in the bank in both 1990 and 2003. In 2003, they bring a new department and try to join the other department together. The Regional Lending managers activities were not accepted by other departmental mangers. This created a big problem in the organisation. Most of the staffs did not express any interest to new executing change. This is because they were not understood the new system. Who are interested this new changes, did not get any support from their higher level. Building Change Capability A well-known model of change management views organisations as going through long periods of stability punctuated by short bursts of discontinuous change. According to Nilikant (2006), mangers or organisations can build capability in four ways. Those are firstly, individuals and groups build capability. Secondly, individuals and groups build capability when they successfully execute challenging projects. Thirdly, building capability involves paying simultaneous attention to both action and reflection. Fourth, leaders and organisations can help individuals and groups build capability by providing a context that aids action and reflection. Self-efficacy is energy and focus for the capability building. In managing change, self-efficacy is a major determinant for success. Employees with higher levels of self- efficacy can overcome obstacles and challenges that are inevitable part of any change. Efficacy is demonstrated when individuals feel secure in avoiding pseudo solutions. Mybank fai led in their both approach. The main reasons are not cooperation between the staffs and management. Who are motivated in these approaches, did not get support from their top level. Staffs got more workload in their work and staffs were lost the interest to extra works. In this way bank cannot maintain capability. Change Agent A change agent is the individual or group that helps effect strategic change in the organisation. For example, the creator of a strategy may, or may not, be the change agent. He or she may need to rely on others to take lead in effecting changes to strategy (Johnson ET .al 2008). Middle managers and consultants are the change agents in the Mybank case, because they are working together with top level and bottom level people within the organisation. Transition Phases Mod Internalization, Reaction And Learning Denial Shock Depression Consolidation Testing Letting go Acceptance of Reality Time .Answer 3: People going through change experience a variety of emotional and cognitive states. Transitions typically progress through a cycle of reasonably predictable phases .this applies to all kinds of transitions: voluntary and imposed, desirable and undesirable. Often people have little warning of changes and they experience the initial phase of a transition as a shock. Feelings of anxiety and panic can determine their ability to take in the new information, think constructively and plan. Mybank employees faced the same problem when they heard about the new change. Denial phase characterized by a retreat from the reality of change. Depression is the reality of the change becomes apparent and the individual acknowledges things cannot continue. Letting go phase involves accepting reality for what it is. It implies a clear letting go of the past. Testing is more active, creative, experimental involvement in the new situation starts to take place. Consolidation stage progress in progresses in parallel with testing but to begin with there is often more testing and rejecting than testing and consolidating. Internalization, reflection, and learning transition is complete when the changed behaviour is normal and unthinking and is the new natural order of things(Hayes, 2010:216). When a new change program implemented in the Mybank, all the staffs passed in these stages. Some of the staffs were getting struggled and other staffs overcome all the problems. The primary leadership task in change management as creating a positive behavioural context that facilitates inquiry, appreciation, and change. Change management model identifies four core tasks. First, mangers need to be cognitive tuners to appreciate change. Second, mangers need to be people catalysers to mobilise support. Third, managers need to be system architects to execute change. Fourth, managers need to be efficacy builders to build change capability. Leadership Cognitive Tuner The main core task of appreciating change requires a manger to tune into both external business environment and the internal organisational setting. The important thing of the change agent is to understand the external environment and assess the organisational capabilities to address the external changes. The change agent should expose different way. The change agent should seek knowledge in all level and awareness of own metal models and assumptions important. The change agent should recognise the assumptions, if it is necessary or not (Reference). Finally listen other people who are disagreeing with the change agent and do not feel defensive or threatened when others challenge the ideas and thinking. My bank case, cognitive tuning was not effective. The management did not listen to the bottom-level staffs opinions; as a result, employees lost their interest in the new changes. The middle level mangers fail to express their feelings into the top-level management. The way of communic ation was not sufficient between departmental mangers and change agents. People Catalyser Organisational change has an element of loss inherent in the process, and it is a loss that is often deeply felt by employees. The Kubler-Ross grief model addresses the emotional issues associated with change. The four emotional stages experienced throughout the change process may be expressed by employees in behaviours that are obstacles to the process of change. By understanding the emotions employees often encounter during change. It will be better prepared to facilitate the change process (Reference). Kubler- Ross grief stages is applicable in the Mybank case. The staffs were faced the situation in the organisation. But the final stage of the Kubler- Ross was fail in the case, commitment from the employees not good. Between the departments problems created. Kubler -Ross Grief Model Stage 1: Denial People encountering a change initiative might be saying to them, I cant believe this is happening to us. Unresolved fears about the change initiative need to be addressed during this phase. Stage 2: Resistance During this phase, people could attempt to slow down or derail the change initiative, it must be able to spot resistance when it occurs and formulate sound strategies for overcoming it. Stage 3: Exploration If people are not able to stop the changes from occurring, they begin to role of the group are specifically defined in this stage. It is important that unresolved issues that continue to surface be addressed. If trust has been created among the group, then peer influenced can be used to encourage behavioural change. Stage 4: commitment Mutual commitment is established , obstacles have been removed .and the focus is on successful implementation of the changes The change management need to catalyse people by building support, manufacturing consent and facilitating cognitive shifts in organisational members. The change agents need to be communicators, persuaders and negotiators. The change agent prepares himself before engaging the people. For influencing the people the agent can utilise all the media and forums. In decision-making time, change agent role is important. There is no chance to run away from the situations. The change should get trust and respect from others, in this way they can develop the credibility. In the case study, at a particular level, the consultants engaged the people and they fail to utilise the forums and media in the organisation. The middle levels mangers did not get the much trust and respect from the staffs. Systems Architect The change agents need to create the systems, process and routines to execute the change plan or agenda. This involves setting explicit goals, establishing cross-functional teams and monitoring progress (Nilikant). In this stage, the change agent role is very important. In the organisation, he/she should clarify individual roles and contribution. The person who selected is SMART or not. Moreover, other team leaders selection responsibility will come under the change agent. Co-ordination between other staffs will come under the change mangers control. Change mangers need to identify the organisational past practices, procedures, and polices and it should eliminate them properly. Mybank change fails in these areas. The selection of the other team leaders performance was not good. They were not SMART. If they are SMART, the change will be successful. Under the control of the middle managers, conducted meetings but fail to share the new ideas and solve current problems after the change. Efficacy Builder The mangers need to make organisational members have faith in their ability to learn, overcome obstacles and engage in change. Jim Collins argues that the effective leaders do not motivate people. They help people motivate themselves. A significant aspect of building change capability is to build a repository of organisational knowledge that captures insights from peoples tacit experiences. Building change capability is closely related to the core task of appreciating change. Store and share the knowledge is very important for a change manager. Renewal must become as important as cash flow or profit maximisation. Organisational members are aware that change mangers are observing what they say and what they do, and they may be making judgements about them and their future role. Mybank case change management selected some people for the leadership positions. However, that staffs were not successes in a particular level. Some of the departments in Mybank were not given any preference to the change mangers. This is one of the reasons to fail change implication in Mybank and plan of joining of the two departments was not success. This was due to the inefficient leadership and responsibility by the change mangers. The change ag Answe4: Recommendation Conclusion judithwright155http://www.blogger.com/profile/12588172555154079679noreply@blogger.com0